This is a timeline of major events in the history of Jerusalem; a city that had been fought over sixteen times in its history. During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times.

Chalcolithic

Bronze Age: Canaanite city

Iron Age

Independent Israelite capital

Jerusalem becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Judah and, according to the Bible, for the first few decades even of a wider united kingdom of Judah and Israel, under kings belonging to the House of David.

Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian period

Persian (Achaemenid) period

Hellenistic period

Under Alexander, the Ptolemies, and Seleucids

Hasmonean kingdom

Roman period

Early Roman period

Events from the New Testament (Canonical Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, Epistles -Pauline and Catholic- and the Book of Revelation) offer a narrative regarded by most Christians as Holy Scripture. Much of the narrative lacks historical anchors and Christian apologists have tried to calculate a historical chronology of events without reaching consensual conclusions. All such events and dates listed here are presented under this reservation, and are generally lacking non-sectarian scholarly recognition. They are marked in the list with a cross [†].

Late Roman period (Aelia Capitolina)

Byzantine period

Early Muslim period

Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates

[The expansion of the caliphate under the Umayyads. {{legend|#a1584e|Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632}} {{legend|#ef9070|Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661}} {{legend|#fad07d|Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750|undefined | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Map///of///expansion///of///Caliphate.svg]

Fatimid and Seljuk rule

Crusader/Ayyubid period

First Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1187)

[The capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders on 15 July 1099

1. The Holy Sepulchre, 2. The Dome of the Rock, 3. Ramparts | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Prise///de///J%C3%A9rusalem///par///les///Crois%C3%A9s%2C///le///15///juillet///1099///Emil///Signol%2C///Mus%C3%A9e///du///Ch%C3%A2teau///Versailles.JPG]

Ayyubids and Second Crusader Kingdom

The Crusader defeat at the Battle of Hattin leads to the end of the First Crusader Kingdom (1099–1187). During the Second Crusader Kingdom (1192–1291), the Crusaders can only gain a foothold in Jerusalem on a limited scale, twice through treaties (access rights in 1192 after the Treaty of Jaffa; partial control 1229–39 after the Treaty of Jaffa and Tell Ajul), and again for a last time between 1241 and 1244.

Mamluk period

Ottoman period

Early Ottoman period

Late Ottoman period

Mahane Israel becomes the second Jewish neighbourhood outside the walls after it was built by Maghrebi Jews from the Old City.

British Mandate

After 1948

Partition into West (Israel) and East (Jordan)

Reunification after 1967

Graphical overview of Jerusalem's historical periods