The 1890 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1890, with five states holding theirs early in between June and October. They occurred in the middle of President Benjamin Harrison's term. Elections were held for 332 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 44 states, to serve in the 52nd United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year. A stagnant economy which became worse after the Panic of 1890, combined with a lack of support for then-Representative William McKinley's (defeated in the election) steep tariff act, which favored large industries at the expense of consumers, led to a sharp defeat for Harrison's Republican Party, giving a large majority to the Democratic Party and presaging Harrison's defeat in the 1892 United States presidential election. The Republican-controlled Congress was highly criticized for its lavish spending, and it earned the unflattering nickname of The Billion Dollar Congress. The Democrats promised to cut the outlandish budget. Furthermore, aggressive Republican promotion of controversial English-only education laws enacted by Wisconsin and Illinois in 1889, accompanied by a surge in nativist and anti-Catholic sentiment within the state parties, had greatly hollowed out the party's support base in these former strongholds. A rare multi-confessional alliance of mainly German clergy rallied their flocks in defense of language and faith to the Democratic Party, which tore through incumbent Republican majorities in both states, capturing a total of 11 formerly Republican seats between them alone. Bitterly divisive struggles over temperance laws had also been alienating immigrants from the increasingly prohibitionist Republican Party across the Midwest more broadly. Dramatic losses in the previous year's gubernatorial elections in Iowa and Ohio (which would lose another 14 Republican congressional seats between them during this election) were due in no small part to wet immigrant communities, especially Germans, expressing their resentment toward Republican efforts to ban or otherwise curtail alcohol consumption by throwing their support behind the Democratic candidates. This election also saw the Populist Party, a coalition of farmers and laborers who wanted to overhaul the nation's financial system, make a small mark on Congress.

Special elections

Election summaries

The previous election of 1888 saw the election of one Labor Party representative in Arkansas.

Early election dates

In 1890, five states, with 9 seats among them, held elections early: Idaho and Wyoming held elections for both the outgoing 51st Congress and the incoming 52nd Congress in 1890, having been admitted that year, and held future elections on the standard election day.

Alabama

Arkansas

California

! California's 1st congressional district ✅ Thomas J. Geary (Democratic) 49.3% John A. Barham (Republican) 48.8% L. B. Scranton (Prohibition) 1.9% ! California's 2nd congressional district ✅ Anthony Caminetti (Democratic) 49% George I. Blanchard (Republican) 48.6% J. S. Witherell (Prohibition) 2.4% ! California's 3rd congressional district ✅ Joseph McKenna (Republican) 55.4% John P. Irish (Democratic) 42.5% O. O. Felkner (Prohibition) 2.1% ! California's 4th congressional district ✅ John T. Cutting (Republican) 49.2% Robert Ferral (Democratic) 45.1% Thomas V. Cator (Socialist) 5.6% Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.2% ! California's 5th congressional district ✅ Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 52.8% Thomas J. Clunie (Democratic) 45.9% E. F. Howe (Prohibition) 1.3% ! California's 6th congressional district ✅ William W. Bowers (Republican) 51.1% W. J. Curtis (Democratic) 44.1% O. R. Dougherty (Prohibition) 4.8%

Colorado

! CO At-large T. J. O'Donnell (Democratic) 41.3% J. D. Burr (Independent) 12.0%

Connecticut

! CT's 1st congressional district William E. Simonds (Republican) 49.7% Frederick G. Platt (Prohibition) 2.7% ! CT's 2nd congressional district Josiah M. Hubbard (Republican) 44.9% Charles F. Whittemore (Prohibition) 2.2% ! CT's 3rd congressional district David A. Wells (Democratic) 45.9% Herbert J. Crocker (Prohibition) 3.3% ! CT's 4th congressional district Frederick Miles (Republican) 47.7% Lyman D. Baldwin (Prohibition) 2.1%

Delaware

! DE At-large Democratic hold. Henry P. Carmon (Republican) 48.7%

Florida

! FL's 1st congressional district ✅ Stephen Mallory II (Democratic) 78.5% Harrison Reed (Republican) 21.5% ! FL's 2nd congressional district ✅ Robert Bullock (Democratic) 58.8% Joseph Stripling (Republican) 41.2%

Georgia

Idaho

[[File:1890 Idaho Representative election results.svg|thumb|200px|Results by county: {{legend|#d02923|Sweet}} {{legend|#ed8783|50–60%}} {{legend|#e55751|60–70%}} {{legend|#416fcd|Mayhew}} {{legend|#8da9e2|50–60%}} ]] There were two elections to the new state of Idaho.

51st Congress

! ID At-large Alex E. Mayhew (Democratic) 44.20%

52nd Congress

! ID At-large Alex E. Mayhew (Democratic) 44.21%

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

! ME's 1st congressional district Melvin P. Frank (Democratic) 40.75% Timothy B. Hussey (Prohibition) 1.90% ! ME's 2nd congressional district Charles E. Allen (Democratic) 39.35% William H. Foster (Prohibition) 2.62% ! ME's 3rd congressional district Charles Baker (Democratic) 41.58% Luther C. Bateman (Union Labor) 3.76% ! ME's 4th congressional district Josiah Crosby (Democratic) 40.06% Volney B. Cushing (Prohibition) 3.46%

Maryland

Massachusetts

! Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Charles R. Codman (Democratic) 40.17% John D. Flint (Prohibition) 6.06% ! Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Bushrod Morse (Democratic) 44.43% Thomas J. Lathrop (Prohibition) 3.31% ! Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district Edward L. Pierce (Republican) 41.89% John W. Field (Prohibition) 1.96% ! Massachusetts's 4th congressional district Thomas Copeland (Republican) 25.66% George L. Dacy (Prohibition) 1.87% ! Massachusetts's 5th congressional district James A. Fox (Republican) 43.79% James H. Roberts (Prohibition) 3.21% ! Massachusetts's 6th congressional district William Everett (Democratic) 46.44% Charles E. Kimball (Prohibition) 3.55% ! Massachusetts's 7th congressional district Jonas H. French (Democratic) 44.98% Jacob F. Spalding (Prohibition) 3.50% ! Massachusetts's 8th congressional district Frederic T. Greenhalge (Republican) 47.93% Nathaniel A. Glidden (Prohibition) 2.20% ! Massachusetts's 9th congressional district John W. Candler (Republican) 47.95% Melvin H. Walker (Prohibition) 3.57% ! Massachusetts's 10th congressional district Charles B. Pratt (Democratic) 46.33% Herbert M. Small (Prohibition) 4.23% ! Massachusetts's 11th congressional district Timothy G. Spaulding (Republican) 39.36% Myron P. Walker (Ind. Republican) 15.22% Henry C. Smith (Prohibition) 5.42% ! Massachusetts's 12th congressional district Francis W. Rockwell (Republican) 47.48% John Bascom (Prohibition) 3.50%

Michigan

Minnesota

! MN's 1st congressional district Mark H. Dunnell (Republican) 46.4% ! MN's 2nd congressional district James H. Baker (Democratic/FA) 48.0% Ira B. Reynolds (Prohibition) 2.7% ! MN's 3rd congressional district Darwin Hall (Republican) 37.5% William W. Gamble (Farmers' Alliance) 8.8% Charles R. Sheppard (Prohibition) 3.2% ! MN's 4th congressional district Samuel Snider (Republican) 43.5% William J. Dean (Prohibition) 4.7% ! MN's 5th congressional district Solomon Comstock (Republican) 33.9% Alonzo Whiteman (Democratic) 28.4%

Mississippi

! MS's 1st congressional district ✅ John M. Allen (Democratic) 100% ! MS's 2nd congressional district George M. Buchanan (Republican) 32.93% ! MS's 3rd congressional district James Hill (Republican) 24.15% ! MS's 4th congressional district W. D. Frazee (Republican) 19.48% ! MS's 5th congressional district ✅ Joseph H. Beeman (Democratic) 100% ! MS's 6th congressional district H. C. Griffin (Republican) 28.75% ! MS's 7th congressional district J. M. Matthews (Republican) 24.40%

Missouri

Montana

! MT At-large Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 48.66% W. T. Field (Labor) 1.25% Andrew L. Corbly (Prohibition) 0.52%

Nebraska

! NE's 1st congressional district William J. Connell (Republican) 35.26% Allen Root (Populist) 17.95% E. H. Chapin (Prohibition) 2.30% ! NE's 2nd congressional district N. V. Harlan (Republican) 36.85% L. B. Palmer (Prohibition) 2.06% ! NE's 3rd congressional district George W. E. Dorsey (Republican) 31.95% William H. Thompson (Democratic) 28.07%

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

! NC's 1st congressional district 1883 (special) 1886 (retired) 1888 Claude M. Bernard (Republican) 43.39% Decatur W. Jarvis (Prohibition) 0.38% ! NC's 2nd congressional district James M. Mewborne (Democratic) 47.91% ! NC's 3rd congressional district George C. Scurlock (Republican) 32.97% ! NC's 4th congressional district Alexander McIver (Republican) 39.09% James M. Templeton (Prohibition) 1.09% ! NC's 5th congressional district John M. Brower (Republican) 46.24% Others Charles H. Ireland (Prohibition) 0.64% Charles H. Moore (Ind. Republican) 0.56% ! NC's 6th congressional district Richard M. Norment (Republican) 33.37% ! NC's 7th congressional district Pleasant C. Thomas (Republican) 40.22% Thomas M. George (Prohibition) 2.34% ! NC's 8th congressional district Edward W. Faucette (Republican) 45.36% Samuel M. McCall (Independent) 0.94% ! NC's 9th congressional district Hamilton G. Ewart (Republican) 48.17%

North Dakota

! ND At-large John D. Benton (Democratic) 40.97%

Ohio

The Ohio Legislature redistricted the state between censuses. Coupled with other Democratic gains, this redistricting gave the Democrats a nine-seat net gain. ! Ohio's 1st congressional district ✅ Bellamy Storer (Republican) 53.7% Otway Cosgrove (Democratic) 46.3% ! Ohio's 2nd congressional district ✅ John A. Caldwell (Republican) 60.6% Alexander Long (Democratic) 39.4% ! rowspan=2 | Ohio's 3rd congressional district ✅ George W. Houk (Democratic) 53.3% Henry Lee Morey (Republican) 46.7% ! Ohio's 4th congressional district ✅ Martin K. Gantz (Democratic) 51.8% William P. Orr (Republican) 48.2% ! Ohio's 5th congressional district ✅ Fernando C. Layton (Democratic) 55.8% Lawrence W. Stroup (Republican) 44.2% ! Ohio's 6th congressional district ✅ Dennis D. Donovan (Democratic) 52.4% Joseph H. Brigham (Republican) 47.6% ! Ohio's 7th congressional district ✅ William E. Haynes (Democratic) 51.6% James M. Ashley (Republican) 48.4% ! Ohio's 8th congressional district ✅ Darius D. Hare (Democratic) 50.3% Charles Foster (Republican) 49.7% ! rowspan=2 | Ohio's 9th congressional district ✅ Joseph H. Outhwaite (Democratic) 54.1% Thomas B. Wilson (Republican) 45.9% ! Ohio's 10th congressional district ✅ Robert E. Doan (Republican) 54.4% John Quincy Smith (Democratic) 45.6% ! Ohio's 11th congressional district ✅ John M. Pattison (Democratic) 55.0% DeWitt Clinton Loudon (Republican) 45.0% ! Ohio's 12th congressional district ✅ William H. Enochs (Republican) 63.2% Ezra V. Dean (Democratic) 36.8% ! Ohio's 13th congressional district ✅ James I. Dungan (Democratic) 52.4% William T. Lewis (Republican) 47.6% ! rowspan=2 | Ohio's 14th congressional district ✅ James W. Owens (Democratic) 54.9% Samuel Slade (Republican) 45.1% ! Ohio's 15th congressional district ✅ Michael D. Harter (Democratic) 55.2% George L. Sackett (Republican) 44.8% ! Ohio's 16th congressional district ✅ John G. Warwick (Democratic) 50.4% William McKinley (Republican) 49.6% ! Ohio's 17th congressional district ✅ Albert J. Pearson (Democratic) 51.2% Christian L. Poorman (Republican) 58.8% ! Ohio's 18th congressional district ✅ Joseph D. Taylor (Republican) 59.1% Henry H. McFadden (Democratic) 40.9% ! Ohio's 19th congressional district ✅ Ezra B. Taylor (Republican) 61.9% Thomas E. Hoyt (Democratic) 38.1% ! Ohio's 20th congressional district ✅ Vincent A. Taylor (Republican) 60.6% Harlan L. Stewart (Democratic) 39.4% ! Ohio's 21st congressional district ✅ Tom L. Johnson (Democratic) 55.3% Theodore E. Burton (Republican) 44.7%

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

! SC's 1st congressional district ✅ William H. Brawley (Democratic) 84.2% William D. Crum (Republican) 15.7% Others 0.1% ! SC's 2nd congressional district ✅ George D. Tillman (Democratic) 85.5% Seymour E. Smith (Republican) 14.3% Others 0.2% ! SC's 3rd congressional district ✅ George Johnstone (Democratic) 91.4% John R. Tolbert (Republican) 8.2% Others 0.4% ! SC's 4th congressional district ✅ George W. Shell (Democratic) 81.9% J. F. Ensor (Republican) 17.8% Others 0.3% ! SC's 5th congressional district ✅ John J. Hemphill (Democratic) 87.1% G. G. Alexander (Republican) 12.2% Others 0.7% ! SC's 6th congressional district ✅ Eli T. Stackhouse (Democratic) 78.8% Edmund H. Deas (Republican) 20.5% Others 0.7% ! SC's 7th congressional district ✅ William Elliott (Democratic) 44.4% Thomas E. Miller (Republican) 38.8% E. M. Brayton (Ind. Republican) 16.5% Others 0.3%

South Dakota

! rowspan=2 | SD At-large 2 seats on a general ticket ✅ John Pickler (Republican) 22.65% ✅ John R. Gamble (Republican) 22.45% F. A. Leavitt (Independent) 16.18% Fred Zipp (Independent) 16.12% F. A. Clark (Democratic) 11.39% W. Y. Quigley (Democratic) 11.22%

Tennessee

! TN's 1st congressional district ✅ Alfred A. Taylor (Republican) 48.98% Roderick R. Butler (Ind. Republican) 45.79% A. J. Buenner (Prohibition) 4.54% P. M. Kiser (Ind. Democratic) 0.69% ! TN's 2nd congressional district ✅ Leonidas C. Houk (Republican) 60.13% J. C. Williams (Democratic) 34.75% S. W. Williams (Democratic) 3.43% W. C. Murphy (Prohibition) 1.70% ! TN's 3rd congressional district ✅ Henry C. Snodgrass (Democratic) 50.25% H. Clay Evans (Republican) 48.35% J. E. Rogers (Prohibition) 1.40% ! TN's 4th congressional district ✅ Benton McMillin (Democratic) 64.03% C. W. Garrett (Republican) 33.66% J. R. Goodpasture (Prohibition) 2.31% ! TN's 5th congressional district P. C. Smithsen (Republican) 23.24% H. R. Moore (Prohibition) 6.93% P. C. Isbell (Independent) 0.82% ! TN's 6th congressional district ✅ Joseph E. Washington (Democratic) 74.40% Samuel M. Watson (Republican) 17.29% W. D. Turnley (Prohibition) 8.31% ! TN's 7th congressional district ✅ Nicholas N. Cox (Democratic) 60.86% A. M. Hughes (Republican) 31.51% John Graham (Prohibition) 7.63% ! TN's 8th congressional district ✅ Benjamin A. Enloe (Democratic) 64.07% J. R. McKinney (Republican) 23.01% George McCall (Republican) 7.41% James T. Warren (Prohibition) 5.51% ! TN's 9th congressional district ✅ Rice A. Pierce (Democratic) 70.64% W. F. Poston (Republican) 22.94% J. B. Cummings (Prohibition) 6.43% ! TN's 10th congressional district L. B. Eaton (Republican) 24.38% Others G. H. McClowan (Prohibition) 0.33% W. A. Ealey (Unknown) 0.20% J. W. Ewing (Unknown) 0.15%

Texas

Utah

See Non-voting delegates below.

Vermont

! VT's 1st congressional district Thomas W. Moloney (Democratic) 33.4% ! VT's 2nd congressional district Stephen C. Shurtleff (Democratic) 33.1%

Virginia

! VA's 1st congressional district Thomas H. B. Browne (Republican) 45.2% ! VA's 2nd congressional district George E. Bowden (Republican) 46.3% ! VA's 3rd congressional district ! VA's 4th congressional district John M. Langston (Republican) 42.8% ! VA's 5th congressional district S. C. Adams (Independent) 10.6% J. Ring (Independent) 7.4% ! VA's 6th congressional district William J. Shelburne (Prohibition) 7.2% ! VA's 7th congressional district I. M. Underwood (Prohibition) 10.7% ! VA's 8th congressional district Frank Hume (Ind. Democratic) 43.0% ! VA's 9th congressional district George T. Mills (Republican) 43.9% ! VA's 10th congressional district A. J. Taylor (Independent) 5.2%

Washington

! WA At-large Thomas Carroll (Democratic) 44.0%

West Virginia

! WV's 1st congressional district William P. Hubbard (Republican) 49.03% Francis M. Lynch (Prohibition) 1.16% C. H. Davis (Union Labor) 0.20% ! WV's 2nd congressional district George Hourian (Republican) 48.39% Others Aaron Baker (Prohibition) 0.36% John M. Hancock (Union Labor) 0.05% ! WV's 3rd congressional district Theophilus Gaines (Republican) 43.29% J. E. Middleton (Prohibition) 0.65% ! WV's 4th congressional district Charles B. Smith (Republican) 48.40% M. S. Hall (Prohibition) 0.52%

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1890. ! WI's 1st congressional district ✅ Clinton Babbitt (Democratic) 48.3% Henry Allen Cooper (Republican) 47.3% Stephen Faville (Prohibition) 4.4% ! WI's 2nd congressional district ✅ Charles Barwig (Democratic) 65.8% D. C. Van Brunt (Republican) 34.2% ! WI's 3rd congressional district ✅ Allen R. Bushnell (Democratic) 49.2% Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 46.2% Marion Ames (Prohibition) 4.7% ! WI's 4th congressional district ✅ John L. Mitchell (Democratic) 56.0% Robert C. Spencer (Republican) 40.0% Robert C. Schilling (Union Labor) 3.6% Charles E. Reed (Prohibition) 0.3% ! WI's 5th congressional district ✅ George H. Brickner (Democratic) 67.2% Thomas M. Blackstock (Republican) 30.7% George McKenney (Prohibition) 2.1% ! WI's 6th congressional district ✅ Lucas M. Miller (Democratic) 51.7% Charles B. Clark (Republican) 44.5% George W. Gates (Prohibition) 3.8% ! WI's 7th congressional district ✅ Frank P. Coburn (Democratic) 50.8% Ormsby B. Thomas (Republican) 44.2% Sylvanus Holmes (Prohibition) 4.9% ! WI's 8th congressional district ✅ Nils P. Haugen (Republican) 49.2% William F. Bailey (Democratic) 42.7% W. C. Jones (Prohibition) 8.1% ! WI's 9th congressional district ✅ Thomas Lynch (Democratic) 54.4% Myron H. McCord (Republican) 42.6% J. H. Vrooman (Prohibition) 2.9% George Wilbur Peck (Write-in) 0.1%

Wyoming

Republican Clarence D. Clark was elected over Democrat George T. Beck in a single ballot both to finish the current term (ending 1891) and the next term (beginning 1891). ! WY At-large George T. Beck (Democratic) 41.78%

Non-voting delegates

51st Congress

! Oklahoma Territory At-large ✅ David Archibald Harvey (Republican)

52nd Congress

! Arizona Territory At-large ! New Mexico Territory At-large ! Oklahoma Territory At-large ✅ David Archibald Harvey (Republican) ! Utah Territory At-large