Velama is a Hindu caste found mainly in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The earliest recorded use of the term "Velama" to refer to a community dates back to the 17th century. In the caste-based hierarchy, they hold a high position alongside the Reddy and Kapu/Telaga castes. They are also referred to as "Dora" (Lord) by other castes, a term that signifies respect. The modern Velama community is divided into four distinct categories: Padmanayaka Velama, Adi Velama, Koppula Velama, and Polinati Velama. In general usage, the term Velama refers to Padmanayaka Velama, a Forward caste.

Origin and history

The Velamas have been described by that name since the 17th century. In the following century, some held zamindari positions under the kings of Golconda, which gave them considerable power over small regions in Telangana. The kings chose to distinguish between various Velama groups by adopting a system of ranks. This emphasis on status and trappings led to rivalries based on recognition of wealth and honors historically granted. Among those that came to dominate were the Velugotis of Venkatagiri in the coastal Nellore district and the Appa Raos of Nuzvid. Both of these groups claimed recognition as royal clans, while other significant groups included the Pitapuram Raos and the Ranga Raos. The Velugotis, who traced their history to the 12th century, had lived in various places before settling in Nellore district in 1695. Their prestige became such that in the 1870s, their sons were adopted as heirs by rival Velama clan leaders, such as the Pittapores, whose own lineage faced extinction due to infertility or the early death of male children. Such arrangements enhanced the status of the adopters and the influence of the Velugotis. Velamas carry the title Rao and Dora. They do not engage in hired labor, and their women do not work in fields.

Relationship with the Padmanayakas

According to Cynthia Talbot, who has challenged the theories of historians from the British Raj era, the terms Velama and Padmanayaka are not synonymous. "Padmanayaka" referred to a status that could be claimed by Telugu warriors from various backgrounds. Additionally, the Bhimeswara Puranamu listed Velama and Padmanayaka as distinct communities.

Culture

Velamas are Hindus and belong to the Vaishnavism sect of Hinduism.

Dynasties

Notable People