The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, is a series of horse races for Thoroughbreds, often restricted to three-year-olds. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th-century England and nations where Thoroughbred racing is popular each have their own Triple Crown series.

England

In England, where the term Triple Crown originated with West Australian's three wins in 1853, it is made up of: Since the 2,000 Guineas was first run in 1809, fifteen horses (including three winners of substitute races at Newmarket during the First World War) have won the English Triple Crown. The most recent – and only winner since World War II – was Nijinsky, in 1970. For many years, it was considered unlikely that any horse would ever win the English Triple Crown again. In the winter of 2006/2007, however, trainer Jim Bolger was training his unbeaten colt Teofilo for the Triple Crown and bookmaker William Hill plc was offering odds of only 12/1 against Teofilo winning the 2007 Triple Crown. The horse was withdrawn from the 2000 Guineas two days before the race after suffering a setback and never raced again. Since Nijinsky, only Nashwan (1989), Sea the Stars (2009), and Camelot (2012) have won both the Guineas and the Derby. Between Reference Point in 1987 and Camelot in 2012, no Derby winner (not even the potential Triple Crown winners Nashwan and Sea the Stars) even entered the St. Leger. This reluctance to compete in the St. Leger is said to be because of the impact it would have on a horse's stud value in a market where speed is preferred to stamina.

Triple Crown winners

For a list of the annual individual race winners, see English Triple Crown race winners. Triple Crown winners: †Wartime winners Pommern, Gay Crusader and Gainsborough are not counted, according to many judges, as the three races were all held at Newmarket and racing itself was too disrupted. By this reckoning, there were only 12 triple crown winners, and only three in the 20th century.

Failed Triple Crown attempts

The following horses won the 2000 Guineas and Derby but were beaten in the St Leger: Additionally:

Fillies Triple Crown

There is also a Fillies Triple Crown for a filly winning the 1,000 Guineas Stakes, Epsom Oaks and St. Leger Stakes. In the past, this was not considered a true Triple Crown as the best fillies would often run in the Derby and Two Thousand Guineas. As this is no longer the case, the Fillies' Triple Crown would now be considered as comparable as the original. Winners of the Fillies Triple Crown are:

Stayers' Triple Crown

The so-called Stayers Triple Crown consists of the most prestigious long-distance races in the British flat racing season:

United States

Triple Crown winners

In the United States, the three races that make up the Triple Crown are:

Triple Tiara

There have been several different versions of the Triple Tiara (sometimes known as the Filly Triple Crown) in the United States. One of them was a national version that consisted of undercard events on the same weekends as the associated Triple Crown races: Only one filly won this version of the Triple Tiara, Davona Dale in 1979. Few have even tried as the short time between the Kentucky Oaks and Black-Eyed Susan is generally considered too short for fillies. The most commonly accepted version of the Triple Tiara is the American Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing which uses three races from New York. From 1957 to 2002, and 2007 to 2009, these three races were the Acorn Stakes, the Mother Goose Stakes, and the Coaching Club American Oaks. Eight fillies won this version of the New York Triple Tiara: In 2010, the NYRA changed the configuration of the Triple Tiara to include the Alabama Stakes instead of the Mother Goose. As of 2022, no filly has won the reconfigured Triple Tiara.

New York Handicap Triple

The New York Handicap Triple is a series of three handicap races run in New York. Although historically notable, the series is now essentially defunct, as two of the races are run on the same day, making a sweep impossible. In addition, only the Metropolitan Handicap maintains a top-level designation and continues to be run as a handicap. The series consists of: The triple has been won by four horses:

Turf Triple Series

In 2019, the New York Racing Association established two series of races for three-year-olds on the turf: the Turf Trinity and the Turf Tiara. As of 2022, neither has been swept by a singular horse. The Turf Trinity consists of: The Turf Tiara consists of:

Ireland

The Irish Triple Crown, modelled on the English equivalent, consists of: For a list of the annual individual race winners, see Irish Triple Crown race winners. Only two horses have won all three races since the Irish Two Thousand Guineas was first run in 1921:

Canada

The Canadian Triple Crown consists of:

Triple Crown winners

The Canadian Triple Crown was established in 1959 and since then seven horses have won it. In 2014, the Hall of Fame decided to honor the five horses who had won the three races before 1959, meaning 12 horses are now officially recognized as winning the Canadian Triple Crown.

Pre-1959 establishment

Since 1959 establishment

Triple Tiara

The Canadian Triple Tiara consists of: As of 2022, only one filly has won it:

Western Canadian Triple Crown

On May 9, 2023, it was announced that Western Canada would have their own Triple Crown, also dubbed the Western Canadian Triple Crown. The Western Canadian Triple Crown consists of:

Australia

The Australian Triple Crown comprises the following races: The Australian Triple Crown initially included the Canterbury Guineas, which was replaced with the Randwick Guineas.

Triple Crown winners

The Spring Grand Slam

The Spring Grand Slam for older horses consists of: The only horse to win the Spring Grand Slam was the New Zealand bred Rising Fast in 1954.

The Two Year Old Triple Crown

The Two-Year-Old Triple Crown, also known as the Two-Year-Old Grand Slam, consists of: Winners of the Two-Year-Old Triple Crown:

New Zealand

The New Zealand Triple Crown consists of: The New Zealand Triple Crown is also known as the Hawke's Bay Triple Crown or Hastings Triple Crown as all three races are run there. The only horse to win the New Zealand Triple Crown is Melody Belle in 2019.

New Triple Crown Series

Three new Triple Crown series were announced for the 2019/2020 season. Each series consists of three prestigious Group races with a $100,000 bonus for the winner of all three races. The Weight-For-Age Triple Crown The Sprint Triple Crown The Fillies And Mares Triple Crown

Germany

In Germany, the Triple Crown (Dreifache Krone) consists of Only one horse has won the German Triple Crown: In East Germany, the Dreifache Krone consisted of: Three horses won the East German Triple Crown:

France

The French Triple Crown consists of: Previously the French Triple Crown consisted of: Two horses have swept the French Triple Crown: The French Fillies Triple Crown consists of: Four fillies have won all three races: Previously the French Triple Crown for fillies consisted of: No filly ever won the series.

Japan

Japan's JRA has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns. In addition, the NAR has announced that it would create its own Dirt Triple Crown starting from 2024, comprising the Haneda Hai, Tokyo Derby, and the Japan Dirt Derby.

Japanese Triple Crown

The Japanese Triple Crown for colts are as follows: To date, eight horses have won the Japanese Triple Crown:

Japanese Triple Tiara

The Japanese Triple Tiara, a triple crown for fillies, are as follows: From 1976 to 1995, the Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup was the third leg. To date, seven horses have won the Japanese Triple Tiara:

Japanese Dirt Triple Crown

The Japanese Dirt Triple Crown is run by the NAR instead of the JRA. Most dirt racing in Japan is run under the NAR. In 2022 the NAR announced an official Dirt Triple Crown that includes 3 pre-existing domestic Grade 1 races. All 3 races are held at Oi Racecourse in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. Although the Triple Crown is not set to debut until 2024, the three races have all been run since 1999 and have been won by three horses.

Argentina

The three races that compose the Triple Crown in Argentina are: Winners of the Argentinian Triple Crown are: A Quadruple Crown adding the Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini, run over 2400 m miles on the turf and open to older horses, is also recognised. Winners are: The Argentinian Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners of the Argentinian Filly Triple Crown are: Additionally, a San Isidro Colt Triple Crown and San Isidro Filly Triple Crown are recognised. The San Isidro Colt Triple Crown consists of: Winners of the San Isidro Colt Triple Crown are: The San Isidro Filly Triple Crown consists of: As of 2023, no horse has won all three races.

Brazil

Brazil has triple crowns run at multiple tracks, including at Hipódromo da Gávea (Rio de Janeiro) and at Hipódromo de Cidade Jardim (São Paulo). The Rio de Janeiro Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: Prior to 1963, the Rio de Janeiro Triple Crown consisted of the Grande Prêmio Outono (1600 m on turf ), Grande Prêmio Cruzeiro do Sul, and Grande Prêmio Distrito Federal (3000 m on turf). From 1963 to 1993, it consisted of the Grande Prêmio Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Grande Prêmio Cruzeiro do Sul, and Grande Prêmio Jockey Club Brasileiro (3200 m on turf). From 1994 to 2003, the order of the Grande Prêmio Jockey Club Brasileiro and Grande Prêmio Cruzeiro do Sul were reversed in order. The current configuration started in 2004. The Rio de Janeiro Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: The São Paulo Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: Historically, the São Paulo Triple Crown ran without the Grande Prêmio Jockey Club de São Paulo, with the Grande Prêmio Consagração (3000 m on a turf track) being run as the third and final leg. The São Paulo Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: The Rio Grande do Sul Triple Crown, as of 1985, consists of: Winners are:

Chile

The three races that compose the Triple Crown in Chile are: Winners of the Chilean Triple Crown are: Additionally, the Hipódromo Chile has multiple recognized Triple Crowns. The Filly Triple Crown consists of: There have been four winners: The Triple Crown consists of: There have been eight winners: † Designates a filly winner Chile also has a Two-Year-Old Triple Crown, with all three races run on turf at Valparaiso Sporting Club. It consists of: There have been five winners:

Peru

The Peruvian Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: The Peruvian Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: A Quadruple Crown adding the Gran Premio Nacional Augusto B. Leguia, run over 2800 m on a turf track, is also recognised. Winners are: Horses that have won any combination of three of the above races are also sometimes considered Triple Crown winners. Horses that have done this are:

Hong Kong

The Triple Crown series at Hong Kong's Sha Tin Racecourse consists of three races at increasingly longer distances. Unlike most other Triple Crown events, these races are not confined to three-year-olds. They are: The only horse to win the Hong Kong Triple Crown is: There are two other Triple Crown series: the Hong Kong Speed Series and the Four-Year-Old Classic Series. Hong Kong Speed Series (International Group 1): Winners of the Hong Kong Speed Series are: Four-Year-Old Classic Series (Domestic Group 1): Restricted to four-year-old horses. Winners of the Four-Year-Old Classic Series are:

South Korea

The current Triple Crown series that started in 2008 consists of: Currently only one horse has swept this modern version of the Triple Crown Originally the Triple Crown was started a year prior in 2007 and consisted of: In the only year it was run it produced a Triple Crown winner

Italy

The Triple Crown series consists of: Three horses have swept the Italian Triple Crown: The Italian Fillies' Triple Crown consists of: No filly has swept all three races, but Jacopa de Sellaio won the Premio Parioli, Derby Italiano, Premio Regina Elena, and Oaks d'Italia in 1932.

Uruguay

The three races that compose the Triple Crown in Uruguay are: This combination of races received some publicity outside of Uruguay in 2006. The 2005 Triple Crown winner Invasor, after being sold to Sheik Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum's Shadwell Racing and sent to be raced in the United States, went on to win three Grade I races in 2006 before winning that year's Breeders' Cup Classic. He finished the year as the top-ranked horse in the 2006 World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings, and won the 2007 Dubai World Cup before being retired to stud following a training injury. Uruguayan Triple Crown winners are: The Uruguayan Filly Triple Crown consists of: Uruguayan Filly Triple Crown winners are:

South Africa

The South African Triple Crown consists of: All of these races are run on a turf track at Turffontein Racecourse. The Cape Guineas, run over 1600 m on a turf track at Kenilworth Racecourse is considered an alternate first leg. South African Triple Crown winners are: The South African Filly Triple Crown consists of: South African Filly Triple Crown winners are:

Zimbabwe

The Zimbabwean Triple Crown consists of: All of these races are run on a turf track at Borrowdale Park Zimbabwean Triple Crown winners are:

Other Triple Crowns in European countries

Belgium

The Belgian Triple Crown consists of: Known Triple Crown winners in Belgium are: The Fillies' Triple Crown in Belgium consists of: One filly is known to have won all three races:

Hungary

The Hungarian Triple Crown consists of: Hungarian Triple Crown winners are: The Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown (not officially listed by the Hungarian racing authorities) consists of: No filly has swept the Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown.

Switzerland

In Switzerland, the Triple Crown series consists of: The Swiss Fillies Triple Crown consists of: One horse has won the Swiss Triple Crown.

Denmark

In Denmark, the Triple Crown series consists of: Three horses have won the Danish Triple Crown: The Danish Filly Triple Crown consists of: One filly has swept all three races: Rossard was one of the most successful runners in Denmark's history, being a Grade One winner in the US. She later became a good broodmare, with her son Unusual Heat being a leading sire in California.

Russia

The Russian Triple Crown differs from other Triple Crowns in a major way by instead having its three jewels be spread out over three years. The Triple Crown consists of: Currently only three horses have won this version of the Triple Crown There is a more traditional 3-year-old triple crown in Russia modeled after the English Triple Crown but no horse has ever won all three races. But if they did they would have to win;

Sweden

The Swedish Triple Crown consists of: Three horses have swept the Swedish Triple Crown: The Swedish Filly Triple Crown consists of: One filly has swept all three races:

Norway

The Norwegian Triple Crown series consists of: Eight horses have swept the Norwegian Triple Crown: The Norwegian Filly Triple Crown consists of: No filly has won all three races.

The Netherlands

The Dutch Triple Crown consists of: The following horses have won the Dutch Triple Crown: The Dutch Fillies' Triple Crown consists of: The following horses have swept the series: The Dutch Triple Crown races, except the Dutch Derby and possibly the Dutch Oaks, have not been run since around 2008.

Turkey

The Turkish Triple Crown consists of: Champions of the Turkish Triple Crown are: The Turkish Fillies' Triple Crown (not officially recognized by Turkish racing authorities) consists of: Fillies that have swept this series are:

Spain

The Spanish Triple Crown series consists of: Two horses have swept the Spanish Triple Crown: The Triple Crown for fillies consists of: One filly has swept all three races:

Poland

In Poland, the Triple Crown (Potrójna korona) consists of: Known Polish Triple Crown winners are: The classic races for fillies are: No filly is known to have won the Polish Fillies' Triple Crown, which would conclude with the St. Leger. The Polish St. Leger is now open to 3-year-olds and up.

Czechia

In Czechia, the Triple Crown (Klasické trojkoruny) consists of All three jewels are held at Prague-Velká Chuchle Racecourse currently seven horses have won this Triple Crown

Triple Crowns in other countries

India

The Indian Triple Crown consists of: All three races are run at Mahalaxmi Racecourse in Mumbai. The St. Leger was run at Pune between 1970 and 1990, before being shifted to Mumbai. It is now again being run in Pune. Ten horses have won the Indian Triple Crown: The Indian Fillies Triple Crown consists of: One filly has swept the series for fillies:

Kenya

The Kenya Triple Crown series is run at Ngong Racecourse, in Nairobi, and consists of: The three races have been won by: The Kenya Fillies' Triple Crown consists of: The three races have been won by:

Macau

In Macau, the Macau Jockey Club introduced the Triple Crown Series in 2008, with three races all held in Taipa Racecourse, Macau: In 2009 Macau Jockey Club changed the series for 4-year-old horses: In 2010, Luen Yat Forever become the first and, to date, only horse to win the Macau Triple Crown.

Mexico

The Mexican Triple Crown series consists of: All three races are contested at Hippodromo de las Americas, in Mexico City. Mexican Triple Crown winners: The Mexican Fillies' Triple Crown series consists of : All three races are contested at Hippodromo de las Americas, in Mexico City. Mexican Filly Triple Crown winners:

Barbados

The Barbados Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing is a series of thoroughbred horse races run annually at Garrison Savannah Racetrack near Bridgetown, Barbados, consisting of races of increasing distance: The winners of the Barbados Triple Crown have been:

Dominican Republic

The three races that compose the Triple Crown in the Dominican Republic are: The winners of the Dominican Republic Triple Crown have been:

Jamaica

The Jamaican Triple Crown series at Caymanas Park consists of: The winners of the Jamaican Triple Crown are: The Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown at Caymanas Park consists of: The winners of the Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown are:

Panama

The Panamanian Triple Crown consists of: All of the races are conducted at the Hipódromo Presidente Remon The winners of the Panamanian Triple Crown have been: The Panamanian Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners of the Panamanian Filly Triple Crown include:

Puerto Rico

The Triple Crown series at Puerto Rico's Camarero Racetrack consists of three races at increasingly longer distances. They are: The Puerto Rico Triple Crown winners are:

Ecuador

Ecuador has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns: Ecuador Triple Crown Ecuador Fillies' Triple Crown In Ecuador, the Triple Crown consists of: Winners of the Ecuadoran Triple Crown are:

Venezuela

Venezuela has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns. The Venezuelan Official Triple Crown consists of: Winners of the Venezuelan Triple Crown, since 1956, are: The Venezuelan Fillies' Triple Crown consists of: Filly Triple Crown winners are:

Philippines

The Philippines Triple Crown series are held at San Lazaro Leisure Park (first leg), Santa Ana Park (second leg), and MetroTurf Racing Complex (third leg) at unknown lengths and its winners include:

Trinidad and Tobago

The three races that compose the triple crown of Trinidad and Tobago were established in 1983 and they are: The Trinidad and Tobago triple crown winners are Pre 1983: After 1983:

Undefeated Triple Crown winners

The following horses won their Triple Crown when still undefeated. Those marked with an asterisk retired undefeated. †Although Justify finished first in all of his races, litigation filed by the owners of Bolt d'Oro in 2020 called for Justify's disqualification from the 2018 Santa Anita Derby over a positive drug test for scopolamine, a known environmental contaminant. A Los Angeles County Superior Court judge ordered Justify's disqualification, for which Justify's connections have filed an appeal. The appeal is pending.

Individual Triple Crown winners

Only three jockeys have won the Triple Crown with different horses (i.e., rode horses to Triple Crowns in different years): At least two jockeys is known to have won all three of a country's Triple Crown races in the same year on different horses: One trainer is known to have accomplished the same feat as Contreras and García Paduani:

Back to back Triple Crown winners (jockeys)

Don Seymour (Canada) Javier Santiago (Puerto Rico)

Most Triple Crown winners (jockeys)

Winston Grifiths – Jamaica (5) Alexis Feliciano – Puerto Rico (3) Emisael Jaramillo – Venezuela (3)