The traditional colors of Japan are a collection of colors traditionally used in Japanese art, literature, textiles such as kimono, and other Japanese arts and crafts.

History

The traditional colors of Japan trace their historical origins to the Twelve Level Cap and Rank System which was established in 603 by Prince Shōtoku and based on the five Chinese elements. In this system, rank and social hierarchy were displayed and determined by certain colors. Colors known as "forbidden colors" (禁色) were strictly reserved for the robes of the Imperial family and highest ranking court officials; for example, the color orange was used as the color for the robes of the Crown Prince and use by anyone else was prohibited. Colors known as "permissible colors" (許し色) were permitted for use by the common people. Most names of colors originate from the names of plants, flowers, and animals that bore or resembled them. Certain colors and dyeing techniques have been used since the Asuka period, while others had been developed as late as the Meiji period when synthetic dyes became common. Due to the long history of use of this color system, some variations in color and names exist.

Colors

Red/violet series

Red series

Yellow/red series

Yellow series

Yellow/green series

Green/blue green series

Blue/blue violet series

Violet series

Achromatic series