The Anatomy of Peace is a book by Emery Reves, first published in 1945. It expressed the world federalist sentiments shared by Albert Einstein and many others in the late 1940s, in the period immediately following World War II.

The book's appeal to Americans

In an appeal to Americans and the world, the front flap of the book's first edition in 1945 had an "Open Letter to the American People", signed by Owen J. Roberts, J.W. Fulbright, Claude Pepper, Elbert D. Thomas, and other dignitaries, which began:

Content

Coming at a critical time in history with its first edition in October 1945, Reves wrote with a keen awareness of the failure of modern diplomacy and the League of Nations to prevent WWII, and shortly before the founding of the United Nations which would have successes but be plagued with its own limitations. In The Anatomy of Peace, Reves argues for a federation of nations relinquishing to the federal authority only the powers to manage and regulate intergovernmental relationships, but still retaining sovereignty for each of the independent nations. The federation, most importantly, would have to have legislative powers to create international law. Reves argued that world law was the only way to prevent war and that the fledgling United Nations Security Council would be inadequate to preserve peace because it was an instrument of power, rather than an instrument of law. Reves noted that all of our attempts to create peace have been futile, whether through treaties, international leagues, socialism, capitalism, morality or religion. Christianity, morality, and other religions, in Reve's view, were inadequate to bring peace to the world. Instead, Reves argued, we must end the current concept of nationalism. Each countries' dedication to their nation has eclipsed their dedication to God, as evidenced by the fact that individuals in two countries at war each pray to the same God. Logically, according to Reves, the only way to create lasting peace is through global governance and binding international law. Every nation needs to surrender some of its sovereignty to a global authority to support a lawful and more peaceful human society. It is likely that in Reves's view the United Nations would lack the global authority to effectively bring a global peace. In reality, however, one might ask how member nations would ever give up their individual sovereignty to a "global authority" with a power stronger than the individual sovereignty of each of its member nations. What "global authority" could ever completely prevent its member nations from building armies or declaring war, and where in today's world are the member nations that would consent to such a "global authority"?

Sales

Likely his most widely read book, it sold more than 200,000 copies in England and was an American best-seller, in all selling an exceptional 800,000 copies in thirty languages. It was endorsed by Albert Einstein and numerous other prominent figures.

Influence

The widely available Reader’s Digest condensed the volume, printing it in three successive issues, and it was used for a period as a textbook at Harvard, Yale and Columbia universities. The Dallas Symphony Orchestra performed a symphony by Marvin Hamlisch called The Anatomy of Peace on 19 November 1991.