The Soviet Union (USSR) competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. 272 competitors, 233 men and 39 women, took part in 135 events in 17 sports. the Netherlands, Spain, the Netherlands Antilles, Egypt, Lebanon, Cambodia, Iraq and Switzerland protested against this by boycotting the games. As a partial support to the Dutch-led boycott, Soviet athletes under the Olympic flag instead of the national flag.

Medalists

The USSR finished first in the final medal rankings, with 37 gold and 98 total medals.

Gold

Silver

Bronze

Athletics

Men's 110 m hurdles Men's marathon

Basketball

Boxing

Canoeing

Cycling

Vladimir Leonov — 9th place Rodislav Chizhikov Viktor Ilyin Volodymyr Mitin — 8th place Mykola Kolumbet Viktor Kapitonov — 63 points (→ 6th place)

Diving

Men's 10 m platform Women's 3 m platform Women's 10 m platform

Fencing

20 fencers, 17 men and 3 women, represented the Soviet Union in 1956.

Football

Gymnastics

Modern pentathlon

Three male pentathletes represented the Soviet Union in 1956. The Soviet pentathletes won gold in the team event.

Rowing

The Soviet Union had 25 male rowers participate in seven rowing events in 1956.

Sailing

Shooting

Eleven shooters represented the Soviet Union in 1956.

Swimming

Water polo

Weightlifting

Wrestling

Medals by republic

In the following table for team events number of team representatives, who received medals are counted, not "one medal for all the team", as usual. Because there were people from different republics in one team.