Shakespeare's Sonnet 69, like many of those nearby in the sequence, expresses extremes of feelings about the beloved subject, who is presented as at once superlative in every way and treacherous or disloyal.

Paraphrase

What the world can see of you is perfect; no one denies you that name of perfection. Everyone admits this without hesitation or limitation. But the same people who so readily praise your beauty reverse that praise when they examine you in other ways. These people, judging your mind and character by your actions, decide that you are as much foul as beautiful. And the reason that your odor does not match your appearance is you have become common (i.e. keep company that befouls your reputation.)

Structure

Sonnet 69 is an English or Shakespearean sonnet. The English sonnet has three quatrains, followed by a final rhyming couplet. It follows the typical rhyme scheme of the form, ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, and is composed in iambic pentameter, a type of poetic metre based on five pairs of metrically weak/strong syllabic positions. The fifth line exemplifies a regular iambic pentameter:

<pre style="border:none;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1em"> × / × / × / × / × / Thy outward thus with outward praise is crown'd; (69.5) The twelfth line is open to several alternative [scansions](https://bliptext.com/articles/scansion). It may exhibit two instances of the rightward movement of an ictus (the resulting four-position figure,, is sometimes referred to as a minor ionic): <pre style="border:none;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1em"> × × / / × × / / × / To thy fair flower add the rank smell of weeds: (69.12) (This figure can also be found in the first line.) Alternatively, the line could be scanned with one minor ionic followed by a mid-line reversal (replacing with ): <pre style="border:none;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1em"> × × / / / × × / × / To thy fair flower add the rank smell of weeds: (69.12) (An initial reversal is present in line four, and a possible mid-line reversal in line three.) Finally, the first four syllables could be scanned with a regular iambic alternation — followed by either of the above-mentioned placements of the third ictus. # Source and analysis As [Stephen Booth](https://bliptext.com/articles/stephen-booth-academic) notes, the sonnet is carelessly printed, and its [emendation](https://bliptext.com/articles/emendation-textual) history begins with the 1640 [quarto](https://bliptext.com/articles/quarto). [Edmond Malone](https://bliptext.com/articles/edmond-malone) altered the quarto's "end" (3) to "due," and this change is now commonly accepted as necessary for [rhyme](https://bliptext.com/articles/rhyme). Quarto's "Their" (5) is just as commonly emended to "Thy" on [semantic](https://bliptext.com/articles/semantic) grounds; the change was first proposed by [Edward Capell](https://bliptext.com/articles/edward-capell). The most significant [crux](https://bliptext.com/articles/crux-literary) is "solye" (14). Malone suggested "solve" while admitting that he could not find other instances of "solve" as a noun, nor have two centuries of subsequent investigation found one. On no less tenuous grounds, [George Steevens](https://bliptext.com/articles/george-steevens) proposed "sole" as a noun. More common now is the emendation of "soil" in an archaic meaning "to solve." Instances of the word in this meaning have been found in [Nicholas Udall](https://bliptext.com/articles/nicholas-udall)'s [Erasmus](https://bliptext.com/articles/paraphrases-of-erasmus) and in [Hamlet](https://bliptext.com/articles/hamlet). [George Wyndham](https://bliptext.com/articles/george-wyndham) was unable to explain the capitalization of "Commend," one of only three such failures in his interpretation. The poem prefigures the [flower language](https://bliptext.com/articles/flower-language) of the more famous Sonnet 94. # Citations ## Sources