Smoky black or black carrying cream is a coat color of horses which has the same phenotype as black. Smoky black is produced by the action of a heterozygous (single copy) cream gene on an underlying black coat color. Therefore, smoky black is a member of the cream family of coat color dilutions, and found in horse populations that have other cream-based colors such as palomino, buckskin, perlino, cremello and smoky cream. All smoky blacks must have at least one parent with the cream gene, and a smoky black can only be verified through DNA testing or parentage. Smoky black has been mistaken for faded black, dark bay or brown, grullo or even liver chestnut. A single copy of the cream gene can have a subtle effect on the colour of an otherwise black horse. However, this cannot be used to positively identify an individual horse as black or smoky black, as too much variation comes from other sources. An individual black horse may well be a lighter shade than an individual smoky black horse, even if the reverse is more common. Other factors that can influence the shade of black and smoky black horses include sun fading and nutrition. Two copies of the cream gene on a black base coat produce a smoky cream, a cream-colored horse which cannot be visually distinguished from a perlino or cremello, but can be identified through DNA testing.

Appearance

Smoky black horses can range from a pure black color to a lighter color resembling bay. The palest can be mistaken for dull bays or liver chestnuts, especially if exposed to the elements. Bleaching due to the elements means that the legs retain their color better, and can take on an appearance of having dark points like a bay horse. While it superficially resembles other coat colors, experienced horse persons often detect something "off" about the coat of an adult smoky black. The darkest shades among smoky blacks are almost indistinguishable from true black but for a slightly burnished look often chalked up to sun bleaching. The palest can be mistaken for dull bays or liver chestnuts, especially if exposed to the elements. Smoky black coats tend to react strongly to sun and sweat, and many smoky blacks turn to a brown color with particularly reddish tips of the manes and tails. Bleaching due to the elements means that the legs retain their color better, and can take on an appearance of having dark points like a bay horse. Smoky blacks, however, will lack rich red tones in the coat, instead favoring brown and orange tones. Smoky black horses, like other horses with a single copy of cream, often have slightly lighter eyes and skin than non-cream horses. Their eye color may be amber even at adulthood. However, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish an amber-brown eye from an ordinary dark brown eye unless there are other horses available for direct comparison. Like black foals, smoky black foals are typically quite silvery, and may be mistaken for grullos, especially when born with primitive markings. Smoky black foals are sometimes born with reddish tufts of hair in their ears, again like black foals.

Identification

There is no reliable way to be certain that a horse is smoky black through purely visual identification, because it can so closely resemble black or bay. Although the single copy of cream can slightly affect the shade of black, this subtle effect cannot be used to confirm a horse as either black or smoky black. For an analogy, consider humans. Men are on average taller than women, and yet if you only know someone's height, that does not tell you their gender. Some genetically palomino horses may be such a dark shade that they could be mistaken for smoky black.

By genetic test

A smoky black horse will test as having one copy of the cream gene, two copies of the recessive a allele at agouti, and one or two copies of the dominant E allele at extension.

By parentage

Smoky black horses must always have at least one parent with the cream dilute allele and at least one parent with the E allele of extension. Additionally, both parents must have at least one copy of the a allele of agouti. If these conditions are not met, the horse is definitely not smoky black. If one parent is a double dilute cream (such as cremello, perlino, or smoky black), then absent mutations the foal is guaranteed to inherit at least one copy of the cream gene. In this case, the horse is definitely not black and must be palomino, buckskin, smoky black, or another cream-based color.

Glóbrúnn

Among Icelandic horses, some horses with the genetics expected of smoky black are a noticeably lighter color, a shade of reddish-brown called "glóbrúnn" or "muskóttur". It is believed this color is caused by one or more additional genetic modifiers that change the appearance when cream is also present.

Smoky black mimics