Serbia competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. The country returned under the name Serbia after 96 years, previously competing under the names Yugoslavia (1920–1988), Independent Olympic Participants (1992), Yugoslavia (1996–2002) and Serbia and Montenegro (2004–2006). The flag on the opening ceremony was held by shooter Jasna Šekarić, who has won five medals in her five previous Olympic appearances.

Medalists

Athletics

Cycling

Road

Football

Men's tournament

Rowing

Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); FC=Final C (non-medal); FD=Final D (non-medal); FE=Final E (non-medal); FF=Final F (non-medal); SA/B=Semifinals A/B; SC/D=Semifinals C/D; SE/F=Semifinals E/F; QF=Quarterfinals; R=Repechage

Shooting

• North Korean shooter Kim Jong Su was tested positive for the banned substance propranolol, and thereby stripped off his two medals from the pistol events. Therefore, Mikec moved up a position in each of his events.

Swimming

Table tennis

Tennis

Serbia was to be represented in tennis by the women's world number one and 2008 French Open champion Ana Ivanovic and world number two Jelena Janković, men's number three and 2008 Australian Open champion Novak Djokovic and 2008 Wimbledon Championships champion and world number four in doubles Nenad Zimonjić, along with Janko Tipsarević. Ana Ivanovic announced her withdrawal from the tournament before her scheduled first round match due to a thumb injury.

Volleyball

Indoor

Serbia qualified a team in both the men's and the women's tournaments. The teams had virtually identical results: both teams finished fourth in their group, both teams advanced to the quarterfinals – where both teams lost. Similarly the final ranking of both teams was tied for 5th place.

Men's tournament

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+8).

Women's tournament

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+8).

Water polo

Serbia participated in the men's tournament, where the team won the bronze medal.

Men's tournament

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+8).

Wrestling

Key: