Serafima Ilyinichna Hopner (1880–1966) was a Bolshevik politician, a Hero of Socialist Labor (1960), and a Doctor of Historical Sciences (1934). Beginning in 1903, she was a member, and then a secretary of the Bolshevik party in Yekaterinoslav. In 1910–1917, she lived in emigration. From September 9 to October 23, 1918, she was the secretary of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine. In 1928-1938 she worked for the Comintern. Beginning in 1945, she was an employee of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow.