Samuel Abraham Poznański or Shemuel Avraham Poznanski (, Lubraniec, 3 September 1864–1921) was a Polish-Jewish scholar, known for his studies of Karaism and the Hebrew calendar. Arabist, Hebrew bibliographer, and authority on modern Karaism; rabbi and preacher at the Great Synagogue in Warsaw. He graduated from a gymnasium of Warsaw and studied at Warsaw University and the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums in Berlin. At that time he formed an intimate friendship with his teacher Moritz Steinschneider, for whose eightieth birthday in 1896 he edited the Festschrift. He was appointed a member of the Warsaw council of rabbis by a committee of the Great Synagogue on Tłomackie Street, Warsaw just before his death where he preached. Orthodox Jews opposed his appointment and even resorted to street demonstrations. He was succeeded at the Great Synagogue by Moses Schorr in 1923. He was an ardent Zionist, and a delegate to the First Zionist Congress.

Writings

Poznanski is the author of the following works: He has contributed also numerous articles to the "Monatsschrift," Stade's "Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft," "Ha-Goren" (Berdychev), "Ha-Ẓefirah" (Warsaw), "Revue des Etudes Juives," and the "Jewish Quarterly Review".