The Republic of China (Taiwan) competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia as the Republic of China, Formosa. Athletes from this nation nowadays compete under the name Chinese Taipei (TPE). Twenty competitors, all men, took part in thirteen events in five sports.

Athletics

Men's Long Jump Men's High Jump Men's Decathlon Men's 400 Meter Hurdles Men's Triple Jump

Basketball

The competed against teams from Australia, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Uruguay, and Bulgaria and finished the games ranked in 11th place.

Boxing

Men's Welterweight

Shooting

One shooter represented the Republic of China in 1956.

Weightlifting

Men's Bantamweight Men's Featherweight Men's Middleweight