{"history":[],"article":{"id":"407974d3-e5cb-494d-977a-eb21eb4a0122","title":"Qiulong","slug":"qiulong","content":":::summary\n:::\n\n# \n**Qiulong** or **qiu** was a [Chinese dragon](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-dragon) that is contradictorily defined as \"horned dragon\" and \"hornless dragon\".\n# [Ancient seal script for qiu 虯 \"a dragon\" | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/%E8%99%AF-seal.svg]\n\n# Name\nThis [Chinese](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-language) dragon name can be pronounced qiu or jiu and written 虯 or 虬.\n\n## Characters\nThe [variant Chinese characters](https://bliptext.com/articles/variant-chinese-character) for the qiu or jiu dragon are and, which combine the \"insect [radical](https://bliptext.com/articles/radical-chinese-character)\" with [phonetics](https://bliptext.com/articles/phonetic) of jiu \"connect\" and yin \"hidden\".\nThis 虫 radical is typically used in [Chinese characters](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-characters) for insects, worms, reptiles, and dragons (e.g., [shen](https://bliptext.com/articles/shen-clam-monster) 蜃, [jiao](https://bliptext.com/articles/jiaolong) 蛟, and [hong](https://bliptext.com/articles/hong-rainbow-dragon) 虹).\nCompare the word jiu or \"twist; entangle; unite\" that is written with the \"silk radical\" and the same alternate phonetics as qiu 虯 or 虬.\nQiu 虬 or 虯 is also an uncommon [Chinese surname](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-surname).\nFor example, Qiuranke Zhuan 虯髯客傳 \"The Legend of the Curly-whiskered Guest\" is a story by the [Tang dynasty](https://bliptext.com/articles/tang-dynasty) writer [Du Guangting](https://bliptext.com/articles/du-guangting) 杜光庭 (850–933 CE), and Qiu Zhong 虬仲 was the [courtesy name](https://bliptext.com/articles/courtesy-name) of the [Qing dynasty](https://bliptext.com/articles/qing-dynasty) painter [Li Fangying](https://bliptext.com/articles/li-fangying).\nIn [Japanese](https://bliptext.com/articles/japanese-language), the [kanji](https://bliptext.com/articles/kanji) \"Chinese characters\" 虬 or 虯 are sometimes used for the [mizuchi](https://bliptext.com/articles/mizuchi) 蛟 \"river dragon\".\n\n## Etymologies\nSinological linguists have proposed several [etymologies](https://bliptext.com/articles/etymologies) for the qiu or jiu 虯 dragon.\n[Bernhard Karlgren](https://bliptext.com/articles/bernhard-karlgren) reconstructed [Old Chinese](https://bliptext.com/articles/old-chinese) pronunciations of qiu < *g'yŏg or jiu < *kyŏg for 虯 \"horned dragon\" and \"horn-shaped; long and curved\".\nThis latter word combines the \"horn radical\" and 虯's jiu 丩 phonetic.\nCarr follows Karlgren's reconstructions and suggests qiu < *g'yŏg or jiu < *kyŏg 虯 is \"part of a 'twist; coil; wrap' word family\" that includes:\nThis \"twisting; coiling\" etymology can explain both the meanings \"horned dragon; twisted horns\" and \"curling; wriggling\" below.\nSchuessler reconstructs Old Chinese qiu < *giu or jiu < *kiu for 觓 or 觩 \"horn-shaped; long and curved\" and 虯 \"horned dragon\", and cites Coblin's comparison of \"horned dragon\" with Written [Tibetan](https://bliptext.com/articles/standard-tibetan) klu \"[Nāga](https://bliptext.com/articles/n-ga), serpent spirit\".\nSchuessler compares jiu < *kiuʔ 糾 \"to twist, plait\" and concludes the \"most likely etymology is 'twisting, wriggling'\".\n\n# Meanings\n[Chinese dictionaries](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-dictionaries) give three qiu 虯 or 虬 meanings: \"dragon without horns\", \"dragon with horns\", and \"curling; coiling\".\n\n## Hornless dragon\nSeveral [Chinese classic texts](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-classic-text) and commentaries from the [Han dynasty](https://bliptext.com/articles/han-dynasty) identified qiu 虯 as a \"hornless dragon; dragon without horns\", which is interpreted as \"young dragon; immature dragon\".\nThe 2nd century BCE [Chuci](https://bliptext.com/articles/chuci) uses qiu 虬 seven times, which is more frequently than any other classical text.\nThe standard Sibu Beiyao 四部備要 edition gives the character as 虬 instead of 虯.\nQiu is a dragon name in four contexts.\nThe first uses yuqiu 玉虬 \"jade hornless-dragon\"; \"I yoked a team of jade dragons to a phoenix-figured car, And waited for the wind to come, to soar up on my journey.\"\nThe second uses qiulong 虬龍 \"hornless dragon\"; \"Where are the hornless dragons which carry bears on their backs for sport?\"\nIn both contexts, commentary of Wang Yi 王逸 (d. 158 CE) says qiu means \"hornless dragon\" and long means \"horned dragon\".\nThe third uses qingqiu 青虬 \"green dragon\" referring to the legendary [Shun](https://bliptext.com/articles/shun-chinese-leader) as Chong Hua 重華; \"With a team of azure dragons, white serpents in the traces, I rode with Chong Hua in the Garden of Jasper.\"\nWang notes qiu and chi are types of long \"dragons\".\nThe fourth uses qiu 虬 alone; \"With team of dragons I mount the heavens, In ivory chariot borne aloft.\"\nThe 121 CE [Shuowen Jiezi](https://bliptext.com/articles/shuowen-jiezi) dictionary gives inconsistent definitions of qiu 虯.\nSome early editions define 龍無角者 \"a dragon without horns\", while later editions define 龍子有角者 \"a young dragon with horns\".\nCarr notes the discrepancy of three Shuowen definitions for \"hornless dragon\": qiu 虯, jiao 蛟, and chi.\nThe Shuowen Jiezi scholar Zhu Junsheng 朱駿聲 (1788–1834 CE) explains that male long 龍 \"dragons\" have horns and female ones do not, and among young dragons, jiao 蛟 has one horn, qiu 虯 has two, and chi 螭 is hornless.\nA few later sources, such as the c. 1011 CE [Guangyun](https://bliptext.com/articles/guangyun) [rime dictionary](https://bliptext.com/articles/rime-dictionary), concur with early Shuowen Jiezi editions and define qiu 虯 as \"hornless dragon\", but most dictionaries define a contrast set between qiu 虯 \"horned dragon\" and chi 螭 \"hornless dragon\".\n\n## Horned dragon\nThe c. 139 BCE [Huainanzi](https://bliptext.com/articles/huainanzi) \"Peering into the Obscure\" chapter (6) mentions qingqiu 青虯 \"green horned-dragon\" twice.\nFirst, \"The Fable of the Dragons and the Mud-Eels\" uses it with chichi 赤螭 \"red hornless-dragon\"; \"When the red hornless dragon and the green horned dragon roamed the land of Chi 冀, the sky was limpid and the earth undisturbed.\"\nThe commentary of Gao Yu 高淯 ([fl.](https://bliptext.com/articles/floruit) 205 CE) notes qingqiu and chichi are types of long 龍 \"dragons\", but without mentioning horns.\nSecond, a description of [Fu Xi](https://bliptext.com/articles/fu-xi) and [Nüwa](https://bliptext.com/articles/n-wa), who are represented as having dragon tails, uses qingqiu with [yinglong](https://bliptext.com/articles/yinglong) 應龍 \"winged dragon\"; \"They rode the thunder chariot, using winged dragons as the inner pair and green dragons as the outer pair.\"\nThe c. 100 BCE Shiji \"[Records of the Grand Historian](https://bliptext.com/articles/records-of-the-grand-historian)\" biography of [Sima Xiangru](https://bliptext.com/articles/sima-xiangru) quotes his [fu](https://bliptext.com/articles/fu-poetry) 賦 poem entitled Zixu 子虛 \"Sir Fantasy\".\nLike the Huaiananzi, it contrasts qingqiu 青虯 \"green horned-dragon\" with chichi 赤螭 \"red hornless-dragon\", which Watson translates \"horned dragon\" and \"hornless dragon\".\n[Ge Hong](https://bliptext.com/articles/ge-hong)'s 4th century CE Baopuzi 抱朴子 has four references.\nIt mentions: jiu 虬 \"As to the flying to the sky of the k'iu of the pools, this is his union with the clouds\", shenjiu 神虬 \"divine horned-dragon\" \"If a pond inhabited by fishes and gavials is drained off, the divine k'iu go away\", and qingjiu 青虬 \"green horned-dragon\" \"The ts'ui k'iu (kingfisher-k'iu) has no wings and yet flies upwards to the sky\", \"Place the shape (i.e. an image of this dragon) in a tray, and the kingfisher-k'iu (shall) descend in a dark vapoury haze\".\nThe c. 230 CE [Guangya](https://bliptext.com/articles/guangya) dictionary defines qiu 虯 (written with a rare \"frog\"-radical graphic variant) as \"horned dragon\" and chi 螭 as \"hornless dragon\".\nThis semantic contrast is repeated in later dictionaries such as the 997 CE [Longkan Shoujian](https://bliptext.com/articles/longkan-shoujian) and the c. 1080 CE [Piya](https://bliptext.com/articles/piya), which says: \"If a dragon has scales, he is called kiao-lung (蛟龍); if wings, ying-lung (應龍); if a horn, k'iu-lung (虬龍); and if he has no horn, he is called ch'i-lung (螭龍).\"\nIn traditional [Chinese art](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-art), dragons are commonly represented with two horns.\nAccording to the 2nd century CE [Qian fu lun](https://bliptext.com/articles/qian-fu-lun), the dragon's \"horns resemble those of a stag\".\nThe 1578 CE [Bencao Gangmu](https://bliptext.com/articles/bencao-gangmu) [materia medica](https://bliptext.com/articles/materia-medica) prescribes longjue 龍角 \"dragon horn\", \"For convulsions, fevers, diarrhea with fever and hardened belly. Taken continuously it lightens the body, enlightens the soul and prolongs life.\"\n# [Daoist Xian riding horned dragons. | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Dragon///gods///-///Project///Gutenberg///eText///15250.jpg]\n\n## Curling\nQiu can mean \"curling; twisting; coiling; wriggling; writhing\" in Chinese [compounds](https://bliptext.com/articles/compound-linguistics).\nFor instance:\nBesides the four \"hornless dragon\" examples above, three Chuci contexts use qiu in words describing dragons \"coiling; wriggling; writhing\".\nTwo use youqiu 蚴虬 to describe the canglong 蒼龍 [Azure Dragon](https://bliptext.com/articles/azure-dragon) constellation: \"I rode in the ivory chariot of the Great Unity: The coiling Green Dragon ran in the left-hand traces; The White Tiger made the right hand of my team\"; \"To hang at my girdle the coiling Green Dragon, To wear at my belt the sinuous rainbow serpent.\"\nOne uses liuqiu 蟉虬 with chi 螭 \"hornless dragon\": \"They lined water monsters up to join them in the dance: How their bodies coiled and writhed in undulating motion!\"\n# [Marduk and dragon from a Babylonian cylinder seal. | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Marduk///and///pet.jpg]\n\n# Mythic parallels\nThe ancient Chinese jiu 虯 \"horned dragon\" is analogous with the [Mountain Horned Dragon](https://bliptext.com/articles/mountain-horned-dragon) lizard and several legendary creatures in [Comparative mythology](https://bliptext.com/articles/comparative-mythology).\nAssuming [trans-cultural diffusion](https://bliptext.com/articles/trans-cultural-diffusion), MacKenzie suggests that the Chinese \"horned-dragon, or horned-serpent\" derives from the Egyptian [Osiris](https://bliptext.com/articles/osiris) \"water-serpent\".\nThe Chinese [Hui people](https://bliptext.com/articles/hui-people) have a myth about a silver-horned dragon that controls rainfall.\nIn [Babylonian mythology](https://bliptext.com/articles/babylonian-mythology), the deity [Marduk](https://bliptext.com/articles/marduk) supposedly rode a horned dragon when he defeated [Tiamat](https://bliptext.com/articles/tiamat), and it became his emblem.\nIn [Persian mythology](https://bliptext.com/articles/persian-mythology), the hero [Garshasp](https://bliptext.com/articles/garshasp) killed an Aži Sruvara \"horned dragon\".\nIn [Greek mythology](https://bliptext.com/articles/greek-mythology), the two-headed [Amphisbaena](https://bliptext.com/articles/amphisbaena) dragon was represented with horns.","current_revision":null,"created_by":"kACnuQmH5k9Nr5VNVEpVeg7XpvUmMctD","created_at":"2025-01-26T07:01:17.206Z","updated_at":"2025-01-26T07:01:17.206Z","search_vector":"'qiulong':1","search_content":" \n \n\n# \n**Qiulong** or **qiu** was a [Chinese dragon](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-dragon) that is contradictorily defined as \"horned dragon\" and \"hornless dragon\".\n# [Ancient seal script for qiu 虯 \"a dragon\" | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/%E8%99%AF-seal.svg]\n\n# Name\nThis [Chinese](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-language) dragon name can be pronounced qiu or jiu and written 虯 or 虬.\n\n## Characters\nThe [variant Chinese characters](https://bliptext.com/articles/variant-chinese-character) for the qiu or jiu dragon are and, which combine the \"insect [radical](https://bliptext.com/articles/radical-chinese-character)\" with [phonetics](https://bliptext.com/articles/phonetic) of jiu \"connect\" and yin \"hidden\".\nThis 虫 radical is typically used in [Chinese characters](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-characters) for insects, worms, reptiles, and dragons (e.g., [shen](https://bliptext.com/articles/shen-clam-monster) 蜃, [jiao](https://bliptext.com/articles/jiaolong) 蛟, and [hong](https://bliptext.com/articles/hong-rainbow-dragon) 虹).\nCompare the word jiu or \"twist; entangle; unite\" that is written with the \"silk radical\" and the same alternate phonetics as qiu 虯 or 虬.\nQiu 虬 or 虯 is also an uncommon [Chinese surname](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-surname).\nFor example, Qiuranke Zhuan 虯髯客傳 \"The Legend of the Curly-whiskered Guest\" is a story by the [Tang dynasty](https://bliptext.com/articles/tang-dynasty) writer [Du Guangting](https://bliptext.com/articles/du-guangting) 杜光庭 (850–933 CE), and Qiu Zhong 虬仲 was the [courtesy name](https://bliptext.com/articles/courtesy-name) of the [Qing dynasty](https://bliptext.com/articles/qing-dynasty) painter [Li Fangying](https://bliptext.com/articles/li-fangying).\nIn [Japanese](https://bliptext.com/articles/japanese-language), the [kanji](https://bliptext.com/articles/kanji) \"Chinese characters\" 虬 or 虯 are sometimes used for the [mizuchi](https://bliptext.com/articles/mizuchi) 蛟 \"river dragon\".\n\n## Etymologies\nSinological linguists have proposed several [etymologies](https://bliptext.com/articles/etymologies) for the qiu or jiu 虯 dragon.\n[Bernhard Karlgren](https://bliptext.com/articles/bernhard-karlgren) reconstructed [Old Chinese](https://bliptext.com/articles/old-chinese) pronunciations of qiu < *g'yŏg or jiu < *kyŏg for 虯 \"horned dragon\" and \"horn-shaped; long and curved\".\nThis latter word combines the \"horn radical\" and 虯's jiu 丩 phonetic.\nCarr follows Karlgren's reconstructions and suggests qiu < *g'yŏg or jiu < *kyŏg 虯 is \"part of a 'twist; coil; wrap' word family\" that includes:\nThis \"twisting; coiling\" etymology can explain both the meanings \"horned dragon; twisted horns\" and \"curling; wriggling\" below.\nSchuessler reconstructs Old Chinese qiu < *giu or jiu < *kiu for 觓 or 觩 \"horn-shaped; long and curved\" and 虯 \"horned dragon\", and cites Coblin's comparison of \"horned dragon\" with Written [Tibetan](https://bliptext.com/articles/standard-tibetan) klu \"[Nāga](https://bliptext.com/articles/n-ga), serpent spirit\".\nSchuessler compares jiu < *kiuʔ 糾 \"to twist, plait\" and concludes the \"most likely etymology is 'twisting, wriggling'\".\n\n# Meanings\n[Chinese dictionaries](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-dictionaries) give three qiu 虯 or 虬 meanings: \"dragon without horns\", \"dragon with horns\", and \"curling; coiling\".\n\n## Hornless dragon\nSeveral [Chinese classic texts](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-classic-text) and commentaries from the [Han dynasty](https://bliptext.com/articles/han-dynasty) identified qiu 虯 as a \"hornless dragon; dragon without horns\", which is interpreted as \"young dragon; immature dragon\".\nThe 2nd century BCE [Chuci](https://bliptext.com/articles/chuci) uses qiu 虬 seven times, which is more frequently than any other classical text.\nThe standard Sibu Beiyao 四部備要 edition gives the character as 虬 instead of 虯.\nQiu is a dragon name in four contexts.\nThe first uses yuqiu 玉虬 \"jade hornless-dragon\"; \"I yoked a team of jade dragons to a phoenix-figured car, And waited for the wind to come, to soar up on my journey.\"\nThe second uses qiulong 虬龍 \"hornless dragon\"; \"Where are the hornless dragons which carry bears on their backs for sport?\"\nIn both contexts, commentary of Wang Yi 王逸 (d. 158 CE) says qiu means \"hornless dragon\" and long means \"horned dragon\".\nThe third uses qingqiu 青虬 \"green dragon\" referring to the legendary [Shun](https://bliptext.com/articles/shun-chinese-leader) as Chong Hua 重華; \"With a team of azure dragons, white serpents in the traces, I rode with Chong Hua in the Garden of Jasper.\"\nWang notes qiu and chi are types of long \"dragons\".\nThe fourth uses qiu 虬 alone; \"With team of dragons I mount the heavens, In ivory chariot borne aloft.\"\nThe 121 CE [Shuowen Jiezi](https://bliptext.com/articles/shuowen-jiezi) dictionary gives inconsistent definitions of qiu 虯.\nSome early editions define 龍無角者 \"a dragon without horns\", while later editions define 龍子有角者 \"a young dragon with horns\".\nCarr notes the discrepancy of three Shuowen definitions for \"hornless dragon\": qiu 虯, jiao 蛟, and chi.\nThe Shuowen Jiezi scholar Zhu Junsheng 朱駿聲 (1788–1834 CE) explains that male long 龍 \"dragons\" have horns and female ones do not, and among young dragons, jiao 蛟 has one horn, qiu 虯 has two, and chi 螭 is hornless.\nA few later sources, such as the c. 1011 CE [Guangyun](https://bliptext.com/articles/guangyun) [rime dictionary](https://bliptext.com/articles/rime-dictionary), concur with early Shuowen Jiezi editions and define qiu 虯 as \"hornless dragon\", but most dictionaries define a contrast set between qiu 虯 \"horned dragon\" and chi 螭 \"hornless dragon\".\n\n## Horned dragon\nThe c. 139 BCE [Huainanzi](https://bliptext.com/articles/huainanzi) \"Peering into the Obscure\" chapter (6) mentions qingqiu 青虯 \"green horned-dragon\" twice.\nFirst, \"The Fable of the Dragons and the Mud-Eels\" uses it with chichi 赤螭 \"red hornless-dragon\"; \"When the red hornless dragon and the green horned dragon roamed the land of Chi 冀, the sky was limpid and the earth undisturbed.\"\nThe commentary of Gao Yu 高淯 ([fl.](https://bliptext.com/articles/floruit) 205 CE) notes qingqiu and chichi are types of long 龍 \"dragons\", but without mentioning horns.\nSecond, a description of [Fu Xi](https://bliptext.com/articles/fu-xi) and [Nüwa](https://bliptext.com/articles/n-wa), who are represented as having dragon tails, uses qingqiu with [yinglong](https://bliptext.com/articles/yinglong) 應龍 \"winged dragon\"; \"They rode the thunder chariot, using winged dragons as the inner pair and green dragons as the outer pair.\"\nThe c. 100 BCE Shiji \"[Records of the Grand Historian](https://bliptext.com/articles/records-of-the-grand-historian)\" biography of [Sima Xiangru](https://bliptext.com/articles/sima-xiangru) quotes his [fu](https://bliptext.com/articles/fu-poetry) 賦 poem entitled Zixu 子虛 \"Sir Fantasy\".\nLike the Huaiananzi, it contrasts qingqiu 青虯 \"green horned-dragon\" with chichi 赤螭 \"red hornless-dragon\", which Watson translates \"horned dragon\" and \"hornless dragon\".\n[Ge Hong](https://bliptext.com/articles/ge-hong)'s 4th century CE Baopuzi 抱朴子 has four references.\nIt mentions: jiu 虬 \"As to the flying to the sky of the k'iu of the pools, this is his union with the clouds\", shenjiu 神虬 \"divine horned-dragon\" \"If a pond inhabited by fishes and gavials is drained off, the divine k'iu go away\", and qingjiu 青虬 \"green horned-dragon\" \"The ts'ui k'iu (kingfisher-k'iu) has no wings and yet flies upwards to the sky\", \"Place the shape (i.e. an image of this dragon) in a tray, and the kingfisher-k'iu (shall) descend in a dark vapoury haze\".\nThe c. 230 CE [Guangya](https://bliptext.com/articles/guangya) dictionary defines qiu 虯 (written with a rare \"frog\"-radical graphic variant) as \"horned dragon\" and chi 螭 as \"hornless dragon\".\nThis semantic contrast is repeated in later dictionaries such as the 997 CE [Longkan Shoujian](https://bliptext.com/articles/longkan-shoujian) and the c. 1080 CE [Piya](https://bliptext.com/articles/piya), which says: \"If a dragon has scales, he is called kiao-lung (蛟龍); if wings, ying-lung (應龍); if a horn, k'iu-lung (虬龍); and if he has no horn, he is called ch'i-lung (螭龍).\"\nIn traditional [Chinese art](https://bliptext.com/articles/chinese-art), dragons are commonly represented with two horns.\nAccording to the 2nd century CE [Qian fu lun](https://bliptext.com/articles/qian-fu-lun), the dragon's \"horns resemble those of a stag\".\nThe 1578 CE [Bencao Gangmu](https://bliptext.com/articles/bencao-gangmu) [materia medica](https://bliptext.com/articles/materia-medica) prescribes longjue 龍角 \"dragon horn\", \"For convulsions, fevers, diarrhea with fever and hardened belly. Taken continuously it lightens the body, enlightens the soul and prolongs life.\"\n# [Daoist Xian riding horned dragons. | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Dragon///gods///-///Project///Gutenberg///eText///15250.jpg]\n\n## Curling\nQiu can mean \"curling; twisting; coiling; wriggling; writhing\" in Chinese [compounds](https://bliptext.com/articles/compound-linguistics).\nFor instance:\nBesides the four \"hornless dragon\" examples above, three Chuci contexts use qiu in words describing dragons \"coiling; wriggling; writhing\".\nTwo use youqiu 蚴虬 to describe the canglong 蒼龍 [Azure Dragon](https://bliptext.com/articles/azure-dragon) constellation: \"I rode in the ivory chariot of the Great Unity: The coiling Green Dragon ran in the left-hand traces; The White Tiger made the right hand of my team\"; \"To hang at my girdle the coiling Green Dragon, To wear at my belt the sinuous rainbow serpent.\"\nOne uses liuqiu 蟉虬 with chi 螭 \"hornless dragon\": \"They lined water monsters up to join them in the dance: How their bodies coiled and writhed in undulating motion!\"\n# [Marduk and dragon from a Babylonian cylinder seal. | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Marduk///and///pet.jpg]\n\n# Mythic parallels\nThe ancient Chinese jiu 虯 \"horned dragon\" is analogous with the [Mountain Horned Dragon](https://bliptext.com/articles/mountain-horned-dragon) lizard and several legendary creatures in [Comparative mythology](https://bliptext.com/articles/comparative-mythology).\nAssuming [trans-cultural diffusion](https://bliptext.com/articles/trans-cultural-diffusion), MacKenzie suggests that the Chinese \"horned-dragon, or horned-serpent\" derives from the Egyptian [Osiris](https://bliptext.com/articles/osiris) \"water-serpent\".\nThe Chinese [Hui people](https://bliptext.com/articles/hui-people) have a myth about a silver-horned dragon that controls rainfall.\nIn [Babylonian mythology](https://bliptext.com/articles/babylonian-mythology), the deity [Marduk](https://bliptext.com/articles/marduk) supposedly rode a horned dragon when he defeated [Tiamat](https://bliptext.com/articles/tiamat), and it became his emblem.\nIn [Persian mythology](https://bliptext.com/articles/persian-mythology), the hero [Garshasp](https://bliptext.com/articles/garshasp) killed an Aži Sruvara \"horned dragon\".\nIn [Greek mythology](https://bliptext.com/articles/greek-mythology), the two-headed [Amphisbaena](https://bliptext.com/articles/amphisbaena) dragon was represented with horns.","revisionCount":0},"hasMore":false,"nextCursor":null}

History