The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography: Geography – study of Earth and its people.

Nature of geography

Geography as

Branches of geography

As "the bridge between the human and physical sciences," geography is divided into two main branches: Other branches include:

Physical geography

Fields of physical geography

Approaches of physical geography

Human geography

Fields of human geography

Approaches of human geography

Integrated geography

Technical geography

Fields contributing to technical geography

Regional geography

Regional geography – study of world regions. Attention is paid to unique characteristics of a particular region such as its natural elements, human elements, and regionalization which covers the techniques of delineating space into regions. Regional geography breaks down into the study of specific regions. Region – an area, defined by physical characteristics, human characteristics, or functional characteristics. The term is used in various ways among the different branches of geography. A region can be seen as a collection of smaller units, such as a country and its political divisions, or as one part of a larger whole, as in a country on a continent.

Continents

Continent – one of several large landmasses on Earth. They are generally identified by convention rather than any specific criteria, but seven areas are commonly regarded as continents. They are:

Subregions

Subregion (list)

Biogeographic regions

[Map of six of the world's eight biogeographic realms

{{legend|#8000ff|Nearctic}} {{legend|#008000|Palearctic}} {{legend|#ff8040|Afrotropic}} {{legend|#ff0000|Indomalaya}} {{legend|#808000|Australasia}} {{legend|#bb825b|Neotropic}} {{legend|#f9f9f9|Oceania and Antarctic realms not shown|undefined | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Ecozones.png]

Biogeographic realm

The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) developed a system of eight biogeographic realms (ecozones):

Ecoregions

Ecoregion Biogeographic realms are further divided into ecoregions. The World has over 800 terrestrial ecoregions. See Lists of ecoregions by country.

Geography of the political divisions of the World

Other regions

History of geography

Topics pertaining to the geographical study of the World throughout history:

By period

By region

By subject

By field

Elements of geography

Topics common to the various branches of geography include:

Tasks and tools of geography

Types of geographic features

Geographic feature – component of a planet that can be referred to as a location, place, site, area, or region, and therefore may show up on a map. A geographic feature may be natural or artificial.

Location and place

Geography is a worldwide study

Natural geographic features

Natural geographic feature – an ecosystem or natural landform.

Ecosystems

Ecosystem – community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

Natural landforms

Natural landform – terrain or body of water. Landforms are topographical elements, and are defined by their surface form and location in the landscape. Landforms are categorized by traits such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. Some landforms are artificial, such as certain islands, but most landforms are natural.

[The Ganges river delta in

India and Bangladesh is one of the most fertile regions in the world. | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Ganges///River///Delta%2C///Bangladesh%2C///India.jpg]

Natural terrain feature types

Natural body of water types

Artificial geographic features

Artificial geographic feature – a thing that was made by humans that may be indicated on a map. It may be physical and exist in the real world (like a bridge or city), or it may be abstract and exist only on maps (such as the Equator, which has a defined location, but cannot be seen where it lies).

Geographic features that include the natural and artificial

Geography awards

Some awards and competitions in the field of geography:

Geographical organizations

Geographical publications

Geographical magazines

Persons influential in geography

A geographer is a scientist who studies Earth's physical environment and human habitat. Geographers are historically known for making maps, the subdiscipline of geography known as cartography. They study the physical details of the environment and also its effect on human and wildlife ecologies, weather and climate patterns, economics, and culture. Geographers focus on the spatial relationships between these elements.

Influential physical geographers

Influential human geographers

Geography educational frameworks

Educational frameworks upon which primary and secondary school curricula for geography are based include: