Orchis spitzelii is a species of orchid found from Sweden (Gotland), eastern Spain to the Caucasus and western Asia and northwestern Africa. Specifically, it is native to northern Europe (Sweden), central Europe (Austria and possibly extirpated in Germany), southwestern Europe (the Balearic Islands, Corsica, France, and Spain), southeastern Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Crete, and countries of the former Yugoslavia), northern Africa (Algeria and Morocco), western Asia (Iran, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey), and both the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia.

Subspecies

Three subspecies are accepted.