{"history":[],"article":{"id":"14dba97d-f9a3-4f37-96a4-5cdd7632d592","title":"Mundham","slug":"mundham","content":":::summary\n**Name:** Mundham \n**Settlement Type:** Village and Civil Parish \n**Image Caption:** Clockwise from top: St Peter's Church, St Peter's Norman doorway, and the Mundham village sign \n**Pushpin Map:** Norfolk#England#UK \n**Pushpin Map Caption:** Location within [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk)##Location within [England](https://bliptext.com/articles/england)##Location within the [United Kingdom](https://bliptext.com/articles/united-kingdom) \n**Coordinates:** 52.528°N, 1.441°W \n**Grid Name:** OS Grid Reference \n**Grid Position:** TM335978 \n**Subdivision Type:** [Sovereign State](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-sovereign-states) \n**Subdivision Name:** [United Kingdom](https://bliptext.com/articles/united-kingdom) \n**Subdivision Type 1:** [Country](https://bliptext.com/articles/countries-of-the-united-kingdom) \n**Subdivision Name 1:** 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 [England](https://bliptext.com/articles/england) \n**Subdivision Type 2:** [Region](https://bliptext.com/articles/regions-of-england) \n**Subdivision Name 2:** [East of England](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-of-england) \n**Subdivision Type 3:** [County](https://bliptext.com/articles/metropolitan-and-non-metropolitan-counties-of-england) \n**Subdivision Name 3:** [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk) \n**Subdivision Type 4:** [District](https://bliptext.com/articles/districts-of-england) \n**Subdivision Name 4:** [South Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/south-norfolk) \n**Subdivision Type 5:** [Ward](https://bliptext.com/articles/ward-electoral-subdivision) \n**Subdivision Name 5:** [Loddon](https://bliptext.com/articles/loddon-norfolk) \n**Subdivision Type 6:** [Civil Parish](https://bliptext.com/articles/civil-parish) \n**Subdivision Name 6:** Mundham \n**Established Title:** Founded \n**Established Date:** c. 130 AD in the [Pax Romana](https://bliptext.com/articles/pax-romana) \n**Established Title 1:** Split into Magna & Parva \n**Established Date 1:** Before 1224 \n**Established Title 2:** Reunification \n**Established Date 2:** 1454 \n**Government Type:** [Parish Council](https://bliptext.com/articles/parish-council-england) \n**Governing Body:** Mundham Parish Council \n**Area Total Km 2:** 6.31 \n**Area Total Sq Mi:** 2.44 \n**Elevation M:** 30 \n**Elevation Ft:** 98.4 \n**Elevation Max M:** 41 \n**Elevation Max Ft:** 134.5 \n**Elevation Min M:** 16 \n**Elevation Min Ft:** 52.5 \n**Population As Of:** 2021 \n**Population Total:** 147 (−16.95%) \n**Population Density Km 2:** auto \n**Population Density Sq Mi:** auto \n**Population Blank 1 Title:** Ethnicity · (2021 census) \n**Population Blank 1:** 100% White \n**Population Blank 2 Title:** Religion · (2021 census) \n**Population Blank 2:** 63% Christian · 35.5% No Religion · 0.68% Buddhist · 0.68% Sikh \n**Timezone:** [GMT](https://bliptext.com/articles/greenwich-mean-time) \n**Utc Offset:** +0 \n**Timezone Dst:** [BST](https://bliptext.com/articles/british-summer-time) \n**Utc Offset Dst:** +1 \n**Blank Name Sec 1:** [Post Town](https://bliptext.com/articles/post-town) \n**Blank Info Sec 1:** NORWICH \n**Blank 1 Name Sec 1:** [Postcode District](https://bliptext.com/articles/postcodes-in-the-united-kingdom) \n**Blank 1 Info Sec 1:** NR14 \n**Blank 2 Name Sec 1:** [ONS](https://bliptext.com/articles/ons-coding-system) \n**Blank 2 Info Sec 1:** E00136704 \n**Blank 3 Name Sec 1:** [ITL](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-territorial-level) \n**Blank 3 Info Sec 1:** UKH17 \n**Blank Name Sec 2:** [Police](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-law-enforcement-agencies-in-the-united-kingdom-crown-dependencies-and-british-overseas-territories) \n**Blank Info Sec 2:** [Norfolk Constabulary](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-constabulary) \n**Blank 1 Name Sec 2:** [Fire and Rescue](https://bliptext.com/articles/fire-services-in-the-united-kingdom) \n**Blank 1 Info Sec 2:** [East of England](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-fire-and-rescue-service) \n**Blank 2 Name Sec 2:** [Ambulance](https://bliptext.com/articles/emergency-medical-services-in-the-united-kingdom) \n**Blank 2 Info Sec 2:** [East of England](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-of-england-ambulance-service) \n**Blank 3 Name Sec 2:** [UK Parliament](https://bliptext.com/articles/constituencies-of-the-parliament-of-the-united-kingdom) \n**Blank 3 Info Sec 2:** South Norfolk \n**Website:** https://mundhamparishcouncilweb.wordpress.com \n:::\n\n# \n**Mundham**, historically **Mundaham** or **Mundhala**, is a small [village](https://bliptext.com/articles/village) and [civil parish](https://bliptext.com/articles/civil-parishes-in-england) in the [county](https://bliptext.com/articles/counties-of-england) of [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk), England.\nArchaeological and [toponymic](https://bliptext.com/articles/toponymy) evidence of Mundham's existence predates its appearance in the [Domesday survey](https://bliptext.com/articles/domesday-book) of 1086, dating back to c. 130 AD in the late [Pax Romana](https://bliptext.com/articles/pax-romana) period, however, it was not called Mundham until sometime between the 5th and 7th centuries, although there has been consistent activity in the area since the early [Neolithic](https://bliptext.com/articles/neolithic) period.\nIn the [2011 census](https://bliptext.com/articles/2011-united-kingdom-census), the population was 177 in 64 households, however in the 2021 census, the population had dropped to 147, in 67 households.\nThe parish covers an area of 6.31 km2, and is approximately 9.1 mi southeast of [Norwich](https://bliptext.com/articles/norwich) and 13.5 mi west of [Great Yarmouth](https://bliptext.com/articles/great-yarmouth).\nFor the purposes of local government, it falls within the [district](https://bliptext.com/articles/non-metropolitan-district) of [South Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/south-norfolk), however Mundham does have a [parish council](https://bliptext.com/articles/parish-councils-in-england) responsible for local matters laid down by law, including a role in [local planning](https://bliptext.com/articles/local-planning), it consists of five councillors, and a clerk.\nThe village contains a number of [heritage-listed](https://bliptext.com/articles/listed-building) buildings, which include a 12th-century church, multiple farmhouses, and the ruins of a 13th-century church.\nThe fields and woodland surrounding Mundham have changed little in the past 500 years, and the village itself remains rural with a low population density compared to the national average.\nMundham is located in the [electoral district](https://bliptext.com/articles/electoral-district) of [Loddon](https://bliptext.com/articles/loddon-norfolk), which is part of the [South Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/south-norfolk) district of the [county](https://bliptext.com/articles/county) of [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk), [England](https://bliptext.com/articles/england).\nNear the centre of Mundham, there is a small stream which flows into the [River Chet](https://bliptext.com/articles/river-chet).\nMundham borders the River Chet to the north, between Mundham and [Bergh Apton](https://bliptext.com/articles/bergh-apton), and is located 11 miles southeast of Norwich.\nIn the west, it borders [Seething](https://bliptext.com/articles/seething), while in the northeast, it borders [Sisland](https://bliptext.com/articles/sisland).\nIn the southeast the extensions of [Loddon](https://bliptext.com/articles/loddon-norfolk) reach.\nIn the south Mundham borders [Thwaite](https://bliptext.com/articles/thwaite-st-mary), and in the southwest it borders with [Hedenham](https://bliptext.com/articles/hedenham).\nThe village sign is located near [St Peter's](https://bliptext.com/articles/saint-peter) Church, and depicts a series of houses in the foreground, with [St Peter's](https://bliptext.com/articles/saint-peter) church and the millennium oak in the background, the sign's supports are carved into a sheath of wheat, with a small mouse and a poppy hidden within them.\n\n# Toponymy\nThe name Mundham originates from the pre-7th century word Mund, which is the [nominative](https://bliptext.com/articles/nominative-case) [plural](https://bliptext.com/articles/plural) of the [Old English](https://bliptext.com/articles/old-english) word munda, meaning \"protector\", \"guardian\" or \"hand\", or the [Old Saxon](https://bliptext.com/articles/old-saxon) noun mund, meaning \"hand\", both of which come from the [Proto-Germanic](https://bliptext.com/articles/proto-germanic) mundō, which itself comes from the [Proto-Indo-European](https://bliptext.com/articles/proto-indo-european-language) word *mh₂-nt-éh₂, which means \"the beckoning one\".\nThe suffix -ham is the Old English noun meaning \"homestead, village, manor or estate,\" which comes from the [Proto-West Germanic](https://bliptext.com/articles/proto-west-germanic) haim, meaning \"home\".\nThe suffix -hamm is the Old English for \"enclosure\", \"land hemmed by water or marsh or higher ground\", \"land in a riverbend\", \"[rivermeadow](https://bliptext.com/articles/wet-meadow)\" or \"[promontory](https://bliptext.com/articles/promontory)\", which comes from the [Proto-West Germanic](https://bliptext.com/articles/proto-west-germanic) verb hammjan, meaning \"to pinch\", \"to hem\" or \"to enclose\".\nBoth -hamm and -ham appear as -ham in modern place names.\n\n# History\nMundham was founded nearly two millennia ago, in the late [Pax Romana](https://bliptext.com/articles/pax-romana) period, with the earliest Roman evidence dating from the reign of [Hadrian](https://bliptext.com/articles/hadrian), however, the name of Mundham dates from the early Anglo Saxon period, in the [Kingdom of East Anglia](https://bliptext.com/articles/kingdom-of-east-anglia), during the [Heptarchy](https://bliptext.com/articles/heptarchy), in the 5th to 7th century AD. St Peter's Church and Mundham Hall were built between then and 1086, as they appear Mundham's entry in the Domesday book.\nIn the 12th/13th century, Mundham was split into Mundham St Peter's (Mundham Magna) and Mundham [St Ethelbert's](https://bliptext.com/articles/thelberht-ii-of-east-anglia) (Mundham Parva), and [St Ethelbert's](https://bliptext.com/articles/thelberht-ii-of-east-anglia) Church was built for use by Mundham Parva, until 1454 when Mundham reunified, despite this [St Ethelbert's](https://bliptext.com/articles/thelberht-ii-of-east-anglia) stayed open until 1749.\nIn the 12th century, the current iteration of St Peter's was built.\nThroughout the 19th century, the major landowners of Mundham were usually the owner of Mundham house, which was built sometime prior to 1845, and the lord of the manor in Dickleburgh-Manclere.\nAcross from the Church, Roman coins and other artefacts have been found, dating from 130 AD until the end of the Roman Empire's occupation of Britannia in 410 AD.\n\n## Early history\nMundham was founded as a settlement in the late Pax Romana period, built on the sandy soil of the river Chet, however there has been activity here since the [earliest period](https://bliptext.com/articles/prehistoric-norfolk) of human settlement in Norfolk.\nMesolithic blades, and burnt and worked [flint](https://bliptext.com/articles/flint-axe)s as well as [Neolithic](https://bliptext.com/articles/neolithic) [flint](https://bliptext.com/articles/flint-axe)s have been found in nearby fields, as have [flint](https://bliptext.com/articles/flint-axe) and bronze axes, [scrapers](https://bliptext.com/articles/scraper-archaeology) and many other objects.\nA number of early Neolithic pits have been discovered, one of which contained burnt wood and debris and a human cremation, other nearby pits have been dated to the Bronze Age, and a ditch and another two pits have been dated to the Iron Age.\nEvidence of the [Bronze Age](https://bliptext.com/articles/bronze-age-britain) appears in a number of [ring ditches](https://bliptext.com/articles/ring-ditch), [enclosures](https://bliptext.com/articles/enclosure-archaeology) and [linear crop marks](https://bliptext.com/articles/cropmark).\nObjects found include arrowheads, assorted metal tools and pottery [sherds](https://bliptext.com/articles/sherds).\n[Iron Age](https://bliptext.com/articles/british-iron-age) artefacts were found, along with [postholes](https://bliptext.com/articles/posthole), ditches and pits.\nObjects from the period include coins, jewellery and pottery.\nThere is evidence of a Roman settlement, as Roman bricks and tiles, as well as many sherds of Roman pottery have been found, as have personal items such as brooches and cosmetic tools, and coins.\nThere are remnants of the Norse occupation of East Anglia found in Mundham, such as a silver clasp button which was discovered in the 1980s, it is unparalleled in its design in England, being similar to other buttons from the island of [Helgö](https://bliptext.com/articles/helg), which was known to make such items, however its metallurgical properties are similar to other norse silverwork which were made in England, in which case, it may be a copy of a [Swedish](https://bliptext.com/articles/sweden) artefact prototype.\nAlthough the first record of Mundham and St Peter's Church is in the original [Domesday book](https://bliptext.com/articles/domesday-book), Mundham, as indicated by its archaeology and toponymy, was established here in the early Roman Empire, c. 130, however it was named Mundham sometime between the 5th and 7th century AD, as shown by toponymic evidence, and also as the remains of sunken-featured buildings, or [Pit-houses](https://bliptext.com/articles/pit-house) have been excavated, and an Early Saxon inhumation cemetery as well as a Middle Saxon [posthole](https://bliptext.com/articles/posthole).\nIn 1086, Mundham had a population of 76.3 households and had its land split between 13 different owners, giving it an estimated population of 381, putting it in the top 20% of settlements listed in the Domesday Book.\nIn the Domesday Book, it is listed as:\n \"**Mundaham / Mundhala**: King's land, in the custody of [Godric](https://bliptext.com/articles/godric-the-steward); also in the charge of William de Noyers; Thorold, Ulfketel and Robert de Vaux from [Roger Bigot](https://bliptext.com/articles/roger-bigod-of-norfolk); Jocelyn from St Edmund's; Nigel and Ansger from Robert FitzCorbucion; Isaac; Roger FitzRainard; Ralph FitzHagni. ½ church. Horse at the hall.\"\n[sic]\nThis is also the first mention of St Peter's Church and Mundham Hall, originally St Peter's Church would have been owned and run by the Hall, as the concept of a parish church arrived with the Normans.\n# [An unusual mount plate from the mediaeval period | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Mundham///medieval///mount.jpg]\n# [St Peter's church, Tower and Porch | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/St///Peter%27s///church///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1455249.jpg]\n\n## Middle Ages to early modern period\nUnfortunately during this period, Mundham is relatively poorly recorded, however some evidence comes from archaeological finds and church records.\nSt Peter's Church is the oldest building in Mundham, having been first built before the Domesday Book was written, as it has Anglo-Saxon foundations.\nIt also has a beautiful example of a carved Norman doorway.\nThe [nave](https://bliptext.com/articles/nave) of the church dates from the 12th century, and the 15th-century bell-tower contains the remains of a relatively plain, Norman [Purbeck marble](https://bliptext.com/articles/purbeck-marble) font, which was lost from the 1850s to the 1920s, when it was found in a pond in Seething.\nSometime after the Domesday book was written, and sometime before 1224, Mundham was split into two different villages, Mundham St Peter's (or Mundham Magna) and Mundham St Ethelbert's (or Mundham Parva), the split was marked by the building of a second church, St Ethelbert's, for use by Mundham Parva.\nSt Ethelbert's wasn't well recorded until the late 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until 1454, when Mundham was reunited into one village, although St Ethelbert's continued to operate until its closure in 1749.\nIn 1430, the manor of Mundham was bought by [Sir John Fastolf](https://bliptext.com/articles/john-fastolf), the prototype for [Shakespeare's](https://bliptext.com/articles/william-shakespeare) [Falstaff](https://bliptext.com/articles/falstaff), before he sold it again in 1451 to Hugh Acton, who was the master of [St Giles Hospital](https://bliptext.com/articles/great-hospital), Norwich, they continued to hold the manor here for over three hundred years.\nMundham has a Poor Lands charity which provides a small amount of money to elderly residents of the village using the rent from a plot of land which it owns, the land was left in 1680 by Thomas Spooner and an unknown donor, which brought in 20 shillings and 10 shillings of yearly rent charges in 1845 respectively.\nSt Peter's Church records date from dates from 1559, the churches of Mundham and Seething have been joined since the 15th century, before they merged with Thwaite, Brooke and Kirstead, forming a group, before being fully joined as a benefice, by order of the council, in 1881.\n# [Norman Purbeck marble font | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/St///Peter%2C///Mundham%2C///Norfolk///-///Redundant///font///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1281169.jpg]\n\n## Late modern period\nThroughout the 18th and 19th centuries, Mundham grew significantly through the [Industrial Revolution](https://bliptext.com/articles/industrial-revolution), with the population peaking in 1831 at 314, Mundham also acquired a general store, a butchers shop, a post-mill, and three Chapels in this period.\nSt Peter's church underwent considerable growth during this time, as it was refurbished and had the vestry and northern aisle added, giving an extra 50 seats, also, a new [faux-Romanesque](https://bliptext.com/articles/romanesque-architecture) font was added, replacing the old Norman font which was then lost for almost a century.\nSometime around 1750, Mundham house was constructed as a typical [Georgian](https://bliptext.com/articles/georgian-architecture) Manor house, and it possesses many interesting [Neoclassical](https://bliptext.com/articles/neoclassical-architecture) features.\nIn 1881, Mundham, Seething, Thwaite, Brooke and Kirstead formed the Brooke [Benefice](https://bliptext.com/articles/benefice), fully uniting them as one permanent church appointment.\nThroughout the late modern period the major landowners of Mundham changed constantly, in the mid 19th century, G. S. Kett, whom was lord of the manor in Dickleburgh-Manclere, Jonathan Farrow, esquire, the owner of Mundham House, and Edward Clarke, esquire, were the major landowners.\nHowever in the 1880s, Henry Manners-Sutton, 4th [Viscount Canterbury](https://bliptext.com/articles/viscount-canterbury), who lived in Dickleburgh-Manclere, was the major landowner in Mundham, but by the late 19th century, the major landowner was Mr Hy.\nE. Garrod, however, Edward Clarke and his son, Henry, still owned a large area of land in Mundham, and Arthur E. Powell, esq, now owned Mundham house.\nBy this time, Mundham was officially located in the Brooke polling district.\nUp until 1879 the vicar of the Brooke group, and therefore the vicar of St Peter's Church was J. T. Burt, he lived in a [rectorial manor](https://bliptext.com/articles/glebe) which belonged to the Great Hospital in Norwich, which also held a large area of land and the [advowson](https://bliptext.com/articles/advowson), the ability to present a nominee for the position of vicar, in Mundham, he was then replaced by Charles Hocking Hicks, whom was vicar until 1930.\n# [Mundham village sign | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Mundham///village///sign///1.jpg]\n\n# Landmarks\nMundham's buildings display a wide range of architectural styles, from modern red brick houses, Georgian manors, and Tudor farm houses.\nMost of Mundham was built built in the 20th century, although the farms are mostly all far older, many of which are among the 13 listed buildings in Mundham.\n\n## Mundham St Peter's\nWhen Mundham was two separate villages, Mundham St Peter's, or Mundham Magna (Mundham Greater), was the smaller, denser, northern part of Mundham and existed until the reunification in 1454.\nSt Peter's Church, the ruins of St Ethelbert's Church, Mundham House, and the site of Mundham Hall, are all located within Mundham St Peter's. It was originally known as Mundham Magna, but was called Mundham St Peter's in more recent writings.\n\n### St Peter's Church\nLocated in the west of Mundham, on Loddon road, St Peter's Church is a grade I listed church, which was originally built in the 7th century AD, as a wooden, [Saxon](https://bliptext.com/articles/saxon) church, and while none of the [Saxon](https://bliptext.com/articles/saxon) church remains, the foundations are still [Saxon](https://bliptext.com/articles/saxon).\nThere has been a church on the site for over a millennium, and it was first recorded in the [Domesday book](https://bliptext.com/articles/domesday-book).\nOriginally, St Peter's was a [Catholic](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic) church, as it predates the [English Reformation](https://bliptext.com/articles/english-reformation) by about 900 years, however after the reformation, St Peter's Church became an [Anglican](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglicanism) church.\nMost of the internals of the church are 15th century wood carvings, and remain into the current age.\nSt Peter's Churchyard contains graves dating from the late 18th century up to the current day.\n\n#### History\n# [The carved Norman doorway | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Mundham///Norman///Door///1.jpg]\n\n##### Earlier buildings\nMundham was first created in c. 130 AD, in [Roman Britain](https://bliptext.com/articles/roman-britain), and although Britain was Christian between c. 350 AD and 410, there is no evidence of a Roman church located anywhere in Mundham.\nAfter the Roman Empire left Britain in 410 AD, [Christianity](https://bliptext.com/articles/christianity) was lost in Norfolk until it reached England again in 597 AD, and soon after, in the 7th century, St Peter's church was built, acting as the personal chapel of Mundham Hall, as during [Anglo-Saxon England](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglo-saxon-england) a church was owned by the local hall, rather than by the parish, as the idea of a parish church arrived with the Normans.\nAll that remains of the Saxon church is its foundations, as most churches of that period were wooden buildings.\n\n##### Norman church\nSt Peter's church's first written record was in the [Domesday book](https://bliptext.com/articles/domesday-book) in 1086, when it was strangely recorded as a half church.\nDuring [Norman England](https://bliptext.com/articles/history-of-england), in the early 12th century, the previous Saxon church was replaced with the Norman nave which exists to this day.\nThe main doorway of St Peter's church is built in a [Romanesque](https://bliptext.com/articles/romanesque-architecture) or early [Norman](https://bliptext.com/articles/norman-architecture) style, and it was carved by the same master [Stonemason](https://bliptext.com/articles/stonemasonry) as both [Ashby St Mary](https://bliptext.com/articles/ashby-st-mary)'s St Mary, and [Heckingham](https://bliptext.com/articles/heckingham)'s St Gregory, as all have the same signature style.\n# [The painting of St Christopher on the north wall | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/St///Peter%2C///Mundham%2C///Norfolk///-///Wall///painting///and///monument///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1281164.jpg]\n\n##### Later history\nThe [Chancel](https://bliptext.com/articles/chancel) was added to the church in the early 14th century, as soon after that, the [Black death](https://bliptext.com/articles/black-death) broke out, and therefore additions to the church would have been very unlikely to have taken place.\nDuring the 15th century, the church underwent a large change, with the construction of the bell tower, along with the majority of the internal dressings of the church, such as the [pews](https://bliptext.com/articles/pews), the [rood screen](https://bliptext.com/articles/rood-screen), and the walls were painted with [Catholic imagery](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic-art).\nAfter the [English reformation](https://bliptext.com/articles/english-reformation) in 1534, when England changed from a [Catholic](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic-church) country into an [Anglican](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglicanism) one, due to this, the paintings of saints on the walls were whitewashed, and other such [Catholic](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic-church) dressings were removed, the walls remained covered for almost 400 years, and the majority of which remain covered, all but the [Saint Christopher](https://bliptext.com/articles/saint-christopher) on the north wall.\nDue to damage to the building, and the expense of repair, St Ethelbert's church was closed in 1749, and with the building quickly becoming derelict, the [Sanctus bell](https://bliptext.com/articles/church-bell) was taken from the [Gable](https://bliptext.com/articles/gable) of the church, and moved into St Peter's bell tower.\nIn 1863, an extra aisle was added to the northern side of the nave, adding 50 extra seats, and would eventually give a place for the church organ.\nIn 1877, a vestry was added for the [Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria](https://bliptext.com/articles/golden-jubilee-of-queen-victoria), as well as a new font in the form of a [faux-romanesque](https://bliptext.com/articles/romanesque-architecture) one, this replaced the old [Norman](https://bliptext.com/articles/norman-architecture) [Purbeck marble](https://bliptext.com/articles/purbeck-marble) font which was lost around that time, before eventually being found in a pond in the nearby village of [Seething](https://bliptext.com/articles/seething) nearly 50 years later.\nIn the early 20th century, a survey of the interior of the church found the 15th century wall painting of Saint Christopher, and was subsequently uncovered soon after.\nAs well as that, in 1930, a Tudor wafer oven, a recess for the hanging of banners, and a [consecration cross](https://bliptext.com/articles/consecration-cross) were found in of the walls of the bell tower.\nThe stained glass [St Peter's Keys](https://bliptext.com/articles/keys-of-heaven) on the main window was added in 1953 to celebrate the coronation of [Queen Elizabeth II](https://bliptext.com/articles/elizabeth-ii).\nThe pulpit used to be on the right side of the rood screen, however it was removed in 1962 for safety reasons.\nIn 1968, the ancient building was finally installed with electric lighting and heating.\n# [The 15th century rood screen | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Mundham///Rood///Screen///1.jpg]\n\n#### Architecture\nThe [nave](https://bliptext.com/articles/nave) of St Peter's church is a long, narrow Norman build, which dates from the early 12th century, it was built with a rare, early example of [Scissor beams](https://bliptext.com/articles/scissors-truss), and, as with many other churches in Norfolk, the walls are painted with saints and other [Catholic imagery](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic-art), unfortunately these were all painted over during the [English Reformation](https://bliptext.com/articles/english-reformation), however a 15th-century mural depicting [Saint Christopher](https://bliptext.com/articles/saint-christopher) was uncovered, and although a large section is covered by a memorial from 1797, his head and body, the floral border, and a prayer scroll which contains an invitation to pray before the image are revealed.\nThe nave has two Norman doorways, the more elaborate of which is the main entrance to the church, it has three well-carved members, and elaborate scrolls, leaves, and rolls.\nThe other doorway, which is far more plain, is located directly across from the entrance, and while it was once another entrance to the church, it now leads into a vestry.\nJust inside the door on the right is the [Holy Water Stoup](https://bliptext.com/articles/holy-water-font), and on the south wall there are two Tudor windows, which have carved heads on the outside of the church.\nThe 15th-century, wooden [rood screen](https://bliptext.com/articles/rood-screen) is used to separate the people's church from the [chancel](https://bliptext.com/articles/chancel), and is decorated with carved [cherub](https://bliptext.com/articles/cherub)'s heads, the screen was once painted red and white, but has since lost its colour.\nThe 15th-century [pews](https://bliptext.com/articles/pew) have carved poppy heads on their ends.\nOn the right of the screen is an hourglass holder, which was used to time the priests sermons, and nearby to that is a recess which marks the way up where the rood loft once was.\nThe [Reredos](https://bliptext.com/articles/reredos) was added in 1908, having been donated by the rev. Charles Hicks and his wife, and was designed as a miniature version of the one from [Notre-Dame Cathedral](https://bliptext.com/articles/notre-dame-de-paris) in Paris.\nThe chancel has three plain windows, which have the names of the glaziers scratched into them.\nThe only stained glass in the church is on the main window is at the far end of the church, it is a [cartouche](https://bliptext.com/articles/cartouche-design) of [Saint Peter's Keys](https://bliptext.com/articles/keys-of-heaven).\nUnder the main window, the floor has been raised in order to place the altar higher for the congregation, which makes the 15th-century [Piscina](https://bliptext.com/articles/piscina) (which is contained in a canopied recess) and [Sedilia](https://bliptext.com/articles/sedilia) relatively close to the floor.\nThe mediaeval [credence shelf](https://bliptext.com/articles/credence-table) is rare, as it was built with notches to hold the chalice upside-down while it drains.\nThe northern aisle holds the church's small, victorian [Organ](https://bliptext.com/articles/organ-music), gives 50 additional seats, and on the east wall is a framed brass rubbing of the memorial to [William Harborne](https://bliptext.com/articles/william-harborne), whom was the first [English Ambassador](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-diplomats-of-the-united-kingdom-to-the-ottoman-empire) to [Constantinople](https://bliptext.com/articles/constantinople).\nThe bell tower was added in the 15th century, and has three stages, with a battlemented parapet, turreted corners and [gargoyles](https://bliptext.com/articles/gargoyle) to throw rainwater clear of the walls.\nThe roof is tiled with [pantiles](https://bliptext.com/articles/pantile) and slates, however it was originally [thatched](https://bliptext.com/articles/thatching).\nThe arcading of flint on the battlements has the remains of the lettering \"**St Petrus**\", meaning \"Saint Peter\" in [Latin](https://bliptext.com/articles/latin).\nIt contains three bells; the [Sanctus bell](https://bliptext.com/articles/church-bell), and a pair of [Angelus bells](https://bliptext.com/articles/angelus), which are also called 'the Gabriel bells'.\nThe Church font, is built in a Victorian [faux-Romanesque](https://bliptext.com/articles/romanesque-architecture) style, and is located in the centre of the bell tower.\nThe original 13th-century, Norman Purbeck marble font is depicted in a [Cotman](https://bliptext.com/articles/john-sell-cotman) engraving, a copy of which is kept in the church.\nIncluding the fonts, a rare [Tudor](https://bliptext.com/articles/tudor-architecture) fireplace/wafer oven, one of only half a dozen left in Norfolk, is located in a recess of the tower, opposite which is a recess for banners.\nJust outside of the tower is a 14th-century [Consecration cross](https://bliptext.com/articles/consecration-crosses) on the wall.\nThe church also contains a rare example of the Royal Arms for [George II](https://bliptext.com/articles/george-ii-of-great-britain) from 1743.\n# [The Redoras, carved in 1908 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Mundham///Reredos///1908.jpg]\n# [Faux-romanesque Victorian Font | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Mundham///Font.jpg]\n# [The small, Victorian Organ | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Mundham///Organ.jpg]\n\n#### Music\nSt Peter's bell tower contains three bells, all three of which date prior to 1553, the smallest of the three is the [Sanctus bell](https://bliptext.com/articles/church-bell), this came from St Ethelbert's church when it closed in 1749.\nIt has a very rare \"narrow-waisted\" design, and is inscribed in latin as:\n\"Ave Maria, Gracia Plena, Dominus Tecum\" meaning \"Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord be with you\" [sic]\nThe other two bells are a pair of [Angelus bells](https://bliptext.com/articles/angelus), which are also known as 'the Gabriel bells'.\nThese have been in St Peter's church since the bell tower was built in the 15th century, and each have a latin inscription.\nOn the top of each bell is three small shields, and the monogram \"RB\" is repeated multiple times.\nAlthough the inscriptions appear to be largely nonsense, they read as follows:\n\"Hac In Conclave Gabriel. Nūc Pange Sauve.\"\nmeaning \"Save Gabriel in this room\" [sic]\n\"Dulcis Cisto Melis. Campana Vocor Michis.\"\nmeaning \"I call the sweet honey box bell for you\" [sic]\nA more logical form of the second inscription has \"Cisto\" replaced with \"Cista\", \"Melis\" replaced with \"Mellis\", and \"Michis\" being a shortened version of \"Michaelis\", thus meaning the inscription would read as:\n\"Dulcis Cista Mellis. Campana Vocor Michaelis.\"\n\"Box of sweet honey, I am called Michael’s bell\" [sic]\nSt Peter's church [organ](https://bliptext.com/articles/pipe-organ) is located in the northern aisle, and was built in 1877 by [William Hill & Son](https://bliptext.com/articles/william-hill-son), one of the main [organ](https://bliptext.com/articles/pipe-organ) builders of the 19th century.\nIt is quite a small organ, however, uniquely for such a small instrument, the organ has two full-sized keyboards, as well as a full pedalboard.\n\n#### Memorials and notable people\nAs is typical for such an ancient church, St Peter's Church contains many memorials to those who have contributed significantly to the church, the village, and even the country as a whole.\n# [Henry Osborn's memorial plaque, placed in 1538 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Henry///Osborn///plaque%2C///Mundham///church.jpg]\n\n##### Henry Osborn\nThe oldest memorial in the church is dedicated to Henry Osborn, this small metal floor plaque dates from 1538, and is situated at the head of the Chancel.\nIt is written in a mediaeval cursive style, and is particularly difficult to read.\nThe entire plaque is transcribed below:\n \"Of your charitie pray for the soule of Henry Osborn whois bodie lieth buried under this ston / died in the XXIX yeir of our sovreign lord [kyng Henry the VIII](https://bliptext.com/articles/henry-viii-of-england) on whose soule Jesu have mercy amen.\"\n[sic]\nKing Henry VIII was crowned in 1509, and this was recorded as the 29th year of his reign, making the year 1538.\nThis is one of the very last examples of the use of prayer clauses in a memorial inscription in Norfolk, because shortly after [prayers for the dead](https://bliptext.com/articles/prayers-for-the-dead) became illegal.\n\n##### William Harborne\n**[William Harborne](https://bliptext.com/articles/william-harborne)** was the [first English ambassador](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-diplomats-of-the-united-kingdom-to-the-ottoman-empire) to [Constantinople](https://bliptext.com/articles/constantinople) from November 1582 until August 1588, leaving it as one of the most powerful positions in the English foreign service, when he retired to Mundham, living in Mundham Hall until his death on 6 September 1617 at the age of 72.\nA marble floor plaque was laid in his honour in St Peter's Church, and is engraved with his eulogy, which goes as follows:\n \"Behold a dead mans howse who full of dayes, retirde here from the world desert and praise should sitt uppon in vertuous strife, this to instruct and that to wright his life. Heires spare your cost, he needs no tombe in death, who Embassagde for Queene Elizabeth, his next will be when at the generall doome God sends his soule to fetch his bodye home\" [sic]\nHe also had a gravestone at St Ethelbert's church, but it has been lost along with the rest of the churchyard, the inscription of his grave read:\n \"Reader, the dust inclos'd beneath this pile, A life unspotted liv'd; devoid of e'ery guile, Plain in his manners, sincere to his friend, A pattern of virtue with honesty combin'd, Shewn thro' e'ery action while here on earth, 'Till unerring fate had stopt his breath.\"\n[sic]\nHarborne had a significant role in preventing the [Ottoman Empire](https://bliptext.com/articles/ottoman-empire) from supporting [Catholic Spain](https://bliptext.com/articles/spanish-empire) in [the war](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglo-spanish-war-1585-1604) against [Protestant England](https://bliptext.com/articles/elizabethan-era) that was taking place at the time.\nHarborne was able to persuade the [Porte](https://bliptext.com/articles/sublime-porte) that Spain was a threat to peace for all of Europe, and although he was unable to obtain a military alliance with the Ottoman empire, the Spanish-Ottoman protocol was not renewed in 1587, and the [Elizabethan Treaty](https://bliptext.com/articles/foreign-relations-of-the-ottoman-empire) was renewed and would continue for another 343 years between [England](https://bliptext.com/articles/england) and the [Ottoman Empire](https://bliptext.com/articles/ottoman-empire), until 1930.\nHe also had a coat of arms, a red shield with three [bezants](https://bliptext.com/articles/bezants) around a gold Lion.\n(Blazon: Gules, a lion passant or between three bezants) William's daughter, Elizabeth, married Gregory Randall and had a daughter, also called Elizabeth, whom was born in 1629 and died in January 1652 at the age of 23.\nHer memorial in latin reads:\n \"Elizabethae filia unica Gregorij Randall Generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi Harborne armigeri hic sepultae fuit hense Jan anno 1652, aetatis suae 23\"\nWhich translated into English is:\n \"Elizabeth, the only daughter of Gregory Randall, noble, and Elizabeth, his wife, one of the daughters of William Harborne, esquire, was buried here Jan. 1652, at the age of 23\"\nGregory's son, William, and his wife, Elizabeth (née Cooke) lost four daughters at birth, and laid a stone in their memory in August 1671.\nTheir memorial in latin reads:\n \"Quatuor infantes filiolae gulielmi randall generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi cookrade broome barronetti sunt hic sepultae, in quarum memoriam hunc lapidem posvit earum pater hense augusti 1671\"\nWhich translated into English is:\n \"Four infant daughters of William Randall, noble, and Elizabeth his wife, one of the daughters of William Cooke, baronet of Broome, are buried here, in memory of which their father laid this stone in August 1671\"\nElizabeth Randall's father was [William Cooke, first Baronet of Broome hall](https://bliptext.com/articles/cooke-baronets), and her brother, [Sir William Cooke](https://bliptext.com/articles/sir-william-cook-2nd-baronet), became the second and final Baronet of Broome hall.\n# [The floor plaque for William Harborne, placed in 1617 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Mundham///Plaque///Floor///1617///William///Harborne.jpg]\n# [Arms of Cooke Baronets of Broome Hall in Norfolk (Cooke of Linstead, Suffolk) Blazon: Or, a chevron engrailed gules between three cinquefoils azure on a chief of the second a lion passant argent | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Cooke///%28of///Linstead%2C///Suffolk%29///arms.svg]\n# [Elizabeth Randall's Floor Plaque | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Mundham///Plaque///Floor///1652///Gregorij///Randall.jpg]\n# [Robert Grimer's Floor Plaque, 1759 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Mundham///Plaque///Floor///1759///Robert///Grimer.jpg]\n\n##### The Grimer family\nThe Grimers lived in Mundham for over 250 years, from pre-16th century to the late 18th century, they were first recorded in 1523 when Robert Greymer was born, and last record when Robert Grimer was born in 1772.\nThey were some of the major landowners of their time, and have three floor plaques and a wall plaque in St Peter's Church which is over the St Christopher's painting, one of which has their 'self assigned' coat of arms of three golden eagles on a green shield.\n(Blazon: Vert, three Eagles displayed with wings inverted Or)\n\n##### The War Memorial\nMundham's [WWI](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-war-one) war memorial is located on the southern wall of the aisle of St Peter's Church.\nIt is carved from Italian marble, and was unveiled in memory of those who lost their lives in the war.\nThey are listed below as follows;\nOnly one resident of Mundham died during [World War II](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-war-ii), that being Guardsman Herbert Bertie Reginald Butcher of the 1st Battalion of the [Coldstream Guards](https://bliptext.com/articles/coldstream-guards), he died at the age of 21, on 22 April 1941.\nWhen the [Second World War](https://bliptext.com/articles/second-world-war) began, the 1st and 2nd battalions of the Coldstream Guards were part of the [British Expeditionary Force](https://bliptext.com/articles/british-expeditionary-force-world-war-ii) in France.\n# [Mundham War Memorial | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Mundham///Plaque///1918///War///Marble.jpg]\n# [Lt Col George Eardley Todd | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Lt///Col///George///Todd.jpg]\n\n##### George Eardley Todd\nGeorge Todd was born in 1881, to George Nicholas Todd and Bertha Eardley-Wilmot, and married his wife Mary in 1914, he was the churchwarden of St Peter's Church from 1923 until his death in 1939, he is buried in St Peter's graveyard.\nHe held the rank of [lieutenant colonel](https://bliptext.com/articles/lieutenant-colonel) in the [British Army](https://bliptext.com/articles/british-army), making him both the only known officer and the highest-ranked military personnel to ever reside in Mundham.\nHe received the [White Eagle: 4th Class](https://bliptext.com/articles/order-of-the-white-eagle-serbia) in 1919, and the [Croix de Guerre](https://bliptext.com/articles/croix-de-guerre), Chevalier of the [Legion of Honor](https://bliptext.com/articles/legion-of-honor), and Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire,, after his death.\nHe served as a [wing commander](https://bliptext.com/articles/wing-commander) in the [Royal Flying Corps](https://bliptext.com/articles/royal-flying-corps) from 1916 to 1917, and later served in the [Welch Regiment](https://bliptext.com/articles/welch-regiment) in 1920.\n\n##### Samuel Shuckford\n**[Samuel Shuckford](https://bliptext.com/articles/samuel-shuckford)** (c. 1693–1754) was an English cleric, antiquarian, and mythographer.\nHe was vicar of Mundham from 1722 until he resigned in 1746.\nAfter that, he was given the living of [All Saints, Lombard Street](https://bliptext.com/articles/all-saints-lombard-street), London; and was one of the chaplains of George II.\nBetween 1712 and 1719 he studied at [Caius College](https://bliptext.com/articles/gonville-and-caius-college-cambridge), [Cambridge](https://bliptext.com/articles/university-of-cambridge), graduating B.A. in 1716 and M.A. in 1720, and later being awarded the [Lambeth degree](https://bliptext.com/articles/lambeth-degree) of D.D. Shuckford's major work was The Sacred and Profane History of the World, connected from the creation of the world to the dissolution of the Assyrian empire at the death of Sardanapalus, and to the declension of the kingdom of Judah and Israel, under the reigns of Ahaz and Pekah.\nThis work was intended to serve as an introduction to [Humphrey Prideaux](https://bliptext.com/articles/humphrey-prideaux)'s Old and New Testament Connected.\n# [Reverend Octavius Mathias | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Rev.///Octavius///Mathias.jpg]\n\n##### Octavius Mathias\n**[Octavius Mathias](https://bliptext.com/articles/octavius-mathias)** (27 February 1805 – 18 June 1864) was a pioneering [Anglican](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglicanism) priest in New Zealand in the mid-nineteenth century, who was born in Mundham.\nHe was [Perpetual curate](https://bliptext.com/articles/perpetual-curate) of [Horsham St Faith](https://bliptext.com/articles/horsham-st-faith) then [Vicar](https://bliptext.com/articles/vicar) of [Horsford](https://bliptext.com/articles/horsford) until 1850 when he emigrated to New Zealand.\nHe was [Rector](https://bliptext.com/articles/rector-ecclesiastical) of [Canterbury](https://bliptext.com/articles/canterbury-new-zealand) from 1850 to 1855; and [Archdeacon of Akaroa](https://bliptext.com/articles/archdeacon-of-akaroa) from 1855 until his death.\nHe died on 18 June 1864 at [Riccarton, New Zealand](https://bliptext.com/articles/riccarton-new-zealand).\n\n##### Robert Shirley, 13th Earl Ferrers\n**[Robert Shirley, 13th Earl Ferrers](https://bliptext.com/articles/robert-shirley-13th-earl-ferrers)** (8 June 1929 – 13 November 2012), styled **Viscount Tamworth** between 1937 and 1954, was a British [Conservative](https://bliptext.com/articles/conservative-party-uk) politician and member of the [House of Lords](https://bliptext.com/articles/house-of-lords) as one of the remaining [hereditary peers](https://bliptext.com/articles/hereditary-peer).\nHe was one of the few people to serve in the governments of five [prime ministers](https://bliptext.com/articles/prime-minister-of-the-united-kingdom).\nHe owned and ran a 150 acre farm in Mundham, starting in 1969.\n\n##### George William Lemon\nThe Reverend **[George William Lemon](https://bliptext.com/articles/george-william-lemon)** (1726 - 4 October 1797) was the author of an early [etymological dictionary](https://bliptext.com/articles/etymological-dictionary) of the [English language](https://bliptext.com/articles/english-language), published in 1783.\nLemon graduated from [Queens' College](https://bliptext.com/articles/queens-college), [Cambridge](https://bliptext.com/articles/university-of-cambridge), in 1748.\nHe was Rector of [Geytonthorpe](https://bliptext.com/articles/geytonthorpe), Vicar of [East Walton](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-walton), [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk) from 1755, and master of [Norwich School](https://bliptext.com/articles/norwich-school) from 1769 to 1778.\nHe also held the living of Mundham St Peter and St Ethelbert, and also [Seething](https://bliptext.com/articles/seething), however he was never instituted to them.\nLemon married Elizabeth Young (1735 – 1804) on 31 May 1760.\nBoth are buried in East Walton.\n# [The ruins of St Ethelbert's church | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/The///ruins///of///St///Ethelbert%27s///church///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1455330.jpg]\n\n### St Ethelbert's Church\nSt Ethelbert's Church is a grade II listed, ruined Anglican church, which was originally Catholic, but became an Anglican church during the English reformation, when Mundham split into two different villages in the 12/13th century, it was built for use by the newly created Mundham Parva, and although Mundham reunified in 1454, St Ethelbert's church was not made redundant until 1749, almost 300 years later.\nIt was not well recorded until well into the 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until it closed.\nLocated near the centre of Mundham, the ruins of St Ethelbert's church are hidden by a small wooded [copse](https://bliptext.com/articles/copse), the edge of the graveyard is marked by the ground sloping away, then there are three pillars of flint and stone topped by elder, two of which form the east wall, either side of a window, while the third forms part of the north wall, these are the remains of the chancel.\nThere are surviving blocks of stone in the former east window outline, and a [putlog hole](https://bliptext.com/articles/putlog-hole) to the right of it.\n# [Mundham House | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Mundham///House///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1057590.jpg]\n\n### Mundham House\nMundham House is a grade II listed, late 18th-century, brick house with neoclassical features.\nIt was built in c. 1750, by one Jonathan Farrow, and is shown on the Faden's map from 1797.\nThe house was extended and altered in the 19th and 20th centuries, and has sash windows, with gauged and rubbed brick arches; a central [pedimented](https://bliptext.com/articles/pedimented) door; a peacock tail fanlight and an elaborately tiled exterior lavatory dating to c. 1880.\nThe stables also date to the late 18th or early 19th century and have [lunette](https://bliptext.com/articles/lunette) windows.\nIt also appeared in White's 1854 - 1890, under the ownership of another Jonathan Farrow, esq, who, in 1855 committed adultery with an Elizabeth Parr.\nLater, Mundham house was inherited by Arthur Ernest Powell, esq, as he was the son-in-law of Jonathan Farrow, having married his only daughter, Mary Elizabeth Farrow.\nHe also built a chapel in Mundham.\n\n### Mundham Hall\nSoutheast of St Peter's Church is the site of Mundham Hall, it was built during the [Heptarchy](https://bliptext.com/articles/heptarchy) of the [Kingdom of East Anglia](https://bliptext.com/articles/kingdom-of-east-anglia), sometime after 410 AD, but pre 7th-century, as the Hall was the local authority for the village.\nThey also built St Peter's Church as their personal church, because the idea of a parish church came from the Normans, whom St Peter's Church predates.\nThe hall is first recorded in the Domesday book entry for Mundham as owning a horse.\nThe building was demolished over 200 years ago, however the most recent stables were converted into a private residence, in whose garden the hall's foundations have been found.\nThe site of the hall is also recorded on the 1826 Bryant's map of Norfolk.\n\n### Mundham Mill\nMundham Mill was located at the top of Mundham Common, to which it lends the current house its name.\nAs with many sites in Mundham, the mill is first shown on the 1797 Faden's map of Mundham.\nIn 1819, the mill was owned by William Brown of [Sisland](https://bliptext.com/articles/sisland), when, on 30 July, two children, Amelia and Robert Pitcher, aged 31/2 and 43/4 respectively, were killed when they were hit by the mill's sails, Amelia was knocked down by them, and Robert ran to her assistance, before also being struck and killed, Amelia survived the initial accident, however she died soon after.\nThey were both buried in St Peter's Churchyard two days later, and their death was announced in the Essex Herald on 10 August.\nThe mill is shown on both the 1826 Bryants map, and the 1834 Greenwoods map.\nFrom 1845 to 1852, the Mill was under the ownership of William Beverly, (b.1800) who lived in the mill house with his family, his wife Mary Ann and his five children; Mary Ann, William, Michael, Emma and Margrett, however when William Beverly was declared insolvent in 1852, the mill was sold to G.S Kett, who then auctioned off the mill to Uriah Tibbenham in June of the same year, who ran it from 1864 to 1872.\nIt is next mentioned in 1875, under the tenancy of Johnson Goff.\nIn 1883, the previously wind powered mill was changed to a wind and steam method.\nJohnson continued under tenancy until July 1901, when he bought the mill at auction, which he continued to run until 1908, when it was bought by Ezra Upton, who ran it until its demolition in c. 1936, as by 1937 only the broken wall of the roundhouse remained.\n# [Mundham Mill, c. 1935 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Mundham-postmill-c.1935.jpg]\n\n### The Two Chapels\nMundham has had two different chapels, all with different branches of [Protestantism](https://bliptext.com/articles/protestantism), which were [Primitive Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/primitive-methodism-in-the-united-kingdom), [Baptist](https://bliptext.com/articles/baptists), and [Wesleyan Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/wesleyan-methodist-church-great-britain), which later became [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism).\nThe first chapel, on Mundham Common Road, was founded in 1833 as a Primitive Methodist one, which then became a Baptist chapel in 1849.\nThe second chapel, on Brooke Road, was created in 1893 as a Wesleyan [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism) chapel, constructed by Arthur E. Powell, whom lived in Mundham House at the time, as stated by a stone plaque on the building, however, after the [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism) unification in 1932, it became a [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism) chapel, until its closure in 1980, 87 years later.\n\n## Mundham St Ethelbert's\nWhen Mundham was two separate villages, Mundham St Ethelbert's, also called Mundham Parva (Mundham Lesser), was the larger, sparser, southern part of Mundham and existed until the reunification in 1454.\nSeething observatory, and now the majority of [Seething Airfield](https://bliptext.com/articles/seething-airfield), are located within Mundham St Ethelbert's. It was originally known as Mundham Parva, but was called Mundham St Ethelbert's in more recent writings.\n# [Seething Airfield | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Seethingairfield-16oct1945.png]\n\n### Seething Airfield\nSeething Airfield, originally called [RAF Seething](https://bliptext.com/articles/raf-seething), was constructed in 1942 for use as an [American airbase](https://bliptext.com/articles/united-states-air-force) in the [Second World War](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-war-ii), and was the base of operations for the [448th Bombardment Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/448th-bombardment-group), a part of the [2nd Air Division](https://bliptext.com/articles/2nd-air-division) of the [Eighth American Air Force](https://bliptext.com/articles/eighth-air-force).\nThey flew [Liberator bombers](https://bliptext.com/articles/consolidated-b-24-liberator) in several missions from 1943 to 1945, during which 350 young men lost their lives.\nThe 448th consisted of the [712th](https://bliptext.com/articles/712th-bombardment-squadron), [713th](https://bliptext.com/articles/712th-bombardment-squadron), [714th](https://bliptext.com/articles/714th-bombardment-squadron), and [715th Bombardment Squadron](https://bliptext.com/articles/715th-bombardment-squadron).\nRAF Seething was located mostly in Seething, however after the Second World War the areas of the airfield which were in Seething were returned to farmland, leaving none of Seething Airfield inside Seething anymore.\nIn 1963, the Waveney Flying Group purchased the land, which they renovated and continue to use as of 2023.\n# [Seething Observatory | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Seething///Observatory///-///geograph.org.uk///-///156641.jpg]\n\n### Seething Observatory\nSeething Observatory is located in the far south of Mundham, on the north side of Toad Lane, and is run by the Norwich Astronomical Society.\nBecause of the location of the observatory, the light pollution of Mundham is regulated, meaning that the village cannot have any street lights.\nBecause of this, of the five levels of light pollution, (Urban, Suburban, Semi-rural, Rural, & Dark Site) Mundham is at the Rural level, which is the second lowest.\n\n## Listed buildings\nIn Mundham, there are thirteen [listed buildings](https://bliptext.com/articles/listed-buildings), twelve of which are Grade II listed, and only one which is Grade I listed, which is St Peter's Church.\n\n# Geography\nAt 52.528°N, 1.441°W, 97 miles northeast of [London](https://bliptext.com/articles/london), Mundham's [topography](https://bliptext.com/articles/topography) is similar to most of [East Anglia](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-anglia), and is made up of river meadows and flat agricultural landscapes, with a combination of sandy soil in the north, and clayey soil in the south.\nAs of 2023, land cover mostly consists of [cultivated crops](https://bliptext.com/articles/crop) and [Hay](https://bliptext.com/articles/hay), along with scattered trees, mostly consisting of various varieties of Oak trees.\nThe [geological](https://bliptext.com/articles/geology-of-norfolk) system of Mundham mostly consists of [Cainozoic](https://bliptext.com/articles/cainozoic) [Sedimentary](https://bliptext.com/articles/sedimentary) rock, with a layer of [Eocene](https://bliptext.com/articles/eocene) [clay](https://bliptext.com/articles/clay) and [sand](https://bliptext.com/articles/sand) laid down in the [Paleogene](https://bliptext.com/articles/paleogene) Period.\nMundham lies at an average elevation of 30 metres, with a range of 16 to 41 metres, being lower in the north, and higher to the south,\nMundham Magna has slightly acidic [loamy](https://bliptext.com/articles/loamy) and clayey soils with impeded drainage, and low carbon.\nThe cropping of Mundham is reasonably flexible but more suited to autumn sown crops and grassland.\nMundham Parva has similar soil, albeit slightly less fertile, however it has more clay and therefore slower drainage, and although it is still slightly acidic, the soil is base rich.\n\n## Climate\nLike most of Norfolk, and much of the British Isles, Mundham has a [temperate](https://bliptext.com/articles/temperate) [maritime climate](https://bliptext.com/articles/oceanic-climate) ([Köppen](https://bliptext.com/articles/k-ppen-climate-classification): Cfb), with relatively cool summers and mild winters.\nThere is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year.\nMundham's average annual rainfall is 626.2 millimetres (24.65 in) compared to the UK average of 1,125.0 millimetres (44.29 in), and its mean rain days are 115.8 per annum, compared to the UK average of 154.4.\n\n# Demography\nThe demography of Mundham is recorded from 1801 to 2021 and is shown in the table below.\n\n# Public services\nPolicing in Mundham is provided by [Norfolk Constabulary](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-constabulary), [Statutory emergency fire and rescue service](https://bliptext.com/articles/fire-service-in-the-united-kingdom) is provided by the [Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-fire-and-rescue-service), of which the nearest station is in [Loddon](https://bliptext.com/articles/loddon-norfolk).\nThe nearest NHS hospital is [Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-and-norwich-university-hospital) in Norwich, administered by [Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-and-norwich-university-hospital)s NHS Foundation Trust.\nAmbulance services are provided by [East of England Ambulance Service](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-of-england-ambulance-service).\n[Waste management](https://bliptext.com/articles/waste-management) is coordinated by [South Norfolk Council](https://bliptext.com/articles/south-norfolk).\nLocally produced [inert waste](https://bliptext.com/articles/inert-waste) for disposal is processed into fuel for use in [combined heat and power](https://bliptext.com/articles/cogeneration) facilities in Europe.\nMundham's [distribution network operator](https://bliptext.com/articles/distribution-network-operator) for electricity is [UK Power Networks](https://bliptext.com/articles/uk-power-networks).\n[Drinking water](https://bliptext.com/articles/drinking-water) and [waste water](https://bliptext.com/articles/waste-water) are managed by [Anglian Water](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglian-water).\n\n# Notable residents","current_revision":null,"created_by":"kACnuQmH5k9Nr5VNVEpVeg7XpvUmMctD","created_at":"2025-01-26T11:54:24.343Z","updated_at":"2025-01-26T11:54:24.343Z","search_vector":"'mundham':1","search_content":" \n**Name:** Mundham \n**Settlement Type:** Village and Civil Parish \n**Image Caption:** Clockwise from top: St Peter's Church, St Peter's Norman doorway, and the Mundham village sign \n**Pushpin Map:** Norfolk#England#UK \n**Pushpin Map Caption:** Location within [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk)##Location within [England](https://bliptext.com/articles/england)##Location within the [United Kingdom](https://bliptext.com/articles/united-kingdom) \n**Coordinates:** 52.528°N, 1.441°W \n**Grid Name:** OS Grid Reference \n**Grid Position:** TM335978 \n**Subdivision Type:** [Sovereign State](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-sovereign-states) \n**Subdivision Name:** [United Kingdom](https://bliptext.com/articles/united-kingdom) \n**Subdivision Type 1:** [Country](https://bliptext.com/articles/countries-of-the-united-kingdom) \n**Subdivision Name 1:** 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 [England](https://bliptext.com/articles/england) \n**Subdivision Type 2:** [Region](https://bliptext.com/articles/regions-of-england) \n**Subdivision Name 2:** [East of England](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-of-england) \n**Subdivision Type 3:** [County](https://bliptext.com/articles/metropolitan-and-non-metropolitan-counties-of-england) \n**Subdivision Name 3:** [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk) \n**Subdivision Type 4:** [District](https://bliptext.com/articles/districts-of-england) \n**Subdivision Name 4:** [South Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/south-norfolk) \n**Subdivision Type 5:** [Ward](https://bliptext.com/articles/ward-electoral-subdivision) \n**Subdivision Name 5:** [Loddon](https://bliptext.com/articles/loddon-norfolk) \n**Subdivision Type 6:** [Civil Parish](https://bliptext.com/articles/civil-parish) \n**Subdivision Name 6:** Mundham \n**Established Title:** Founded \n**Established Date:** c. 130 AD in the [Pax Romana](https://bliptext.com/articles/pax-romana) \n**Established Title 1:** Split into Magna & Parva \n**Established Date 1:** Before 1224 \n**Established Title 2:** Reunification \n**Established Date 2:** 1454 \n**Government Type:** [Parish Council](https://bliptext.com/articles/parish-council-england) \n**Governing Body:** Mundham Parish Council \n**Area Total Km 2:** 6.31 \n**Area Total Sq Mi:** 2.44 \n**Elevation M:** 30 \n**Elevation Ft:** 98.4 \n**Elevation Max M:** 41 \n**Elevation Max Ft:** 134.5 \n**Elevation Min M:** 16 \n**Elevation Min Ft:** 52.5 \n**Population As Of:** 2021 \n**Population Total:** 147 (−16.95%) \n**Population Density Km 2:** auto \n**Population Density Sq Mi:** auto \n**Population Blank 1 Title:** Ethnicity · (2021 census) \n**Population Blank 1:** 100% White \n**Population Blank 2 Title:** Religion · (2021 census) \n**Population Blank 2:** 63% Christian · 35.5% No Religion · 0.68% Buddhist · 0.68% Sikh \n**Timezone:** [GMT](https://bliptext.com/articles/greenwich-mean-time) \n**Utc Offset:** +0 \n**Timezone Dst:** [BST](https://bliptext.com/articles/british-summer-time) \n**Utc Offset Dst:** +1 \n**Blank Name Sec 1:** [Post Town](https://bliptext.com/articles/post-town) \n**Blank Info Sec 1:** NORWICH \n**Blank 1 Name Sec 1:** [Postcode District](https://bliptext.com/articles/postcodes-in-the-united-kingdom) \n**Blank 1 Info Sec 1:** NR14 \n**Blank 2 Name Sec 1:** [ONS](https://bliptext.com/articles/ons-coding-system) \n**Blank 2 Info Sec 1:** E00136704 \n**Blank 3 Name Sec 1:** [ITL](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-territorial-level) \n**Blank 3 Info Sec 1:** UKH17 \n**Blank Name Sec 2:** [Police](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-law-enforcement-agencies-in-the-united-kingdom-crown-dependencies-and-british-overseas-territories) \n**Blank Info Sec 2:** [Norfolk Constabulary](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-constabulary) \n**Blank 1 Name Sec 2:** [Fire and Rescue](https://bliptext.com/articles/fire-services-in-the-united-kingdom) \n**Blank 1 Info Sec 2:** [East of England](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-fire-and-rescue-service) \n**Blank 2 Name Sec 2:** [Ambulance](https://bliptext.com/articles/emergency-medical-services-in-the-united-kingdom) \n**Blank 2 Info Sec 2:** [East of England](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-of-england-ambulance-service) \n**Blank 3 Name Sec 2:** [UK Parliament](https://bliptext.com/articles/constituencies-of-the-parliament-of-the-united-kingdom) \n**Blank 3 Info Sec 2:** South Norfolk \n**Website:** https://mundhamparishcouncilweb.wordpress.com \n \n\n# \n**Mundham**, historically **Mundaham** or **Mundhala**, is a small [village](https://bliptext.com/articles/village) and [civil parish](https://bliptext.com/articles/civil-parishes-in-england) in the [county](https://bliptext.com/articles/counties-of-england) of [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk), England.\nArchaeological and [toponymic](https://bliptext.com/articles/toponymy) evidence of Mundham's existence predates its appearance in the [Domesday survey](https://bliptext.com/articles/domesday-book) of 1086, dating back to c. 130 AD in the late [Pax Romana](https://bliptext.com/articles/pax-romana) period, however, it was not called Mundham until sometime between the 5th and 7th centuries, although there has been consistent activity in the area since the early [Neolithic](https://bliptext.com/articles/neolithic) period.\nIn the [2011 census](https://bliptext.com/articles/2011-united-kingdom-census), the population was 177 in 64 households, however in the 2021 census, the population had dropped to 147, in 67 households.\nThe parish covers an area of 6.31 km2, and is approximately 9.1 mi southeast of [Norwich](https://bliptext.com/articles/norwich) and 13.5 mi west of [Great Yarmouth](https://bliptext.com/articles/great-yarmouth).\nFor the purposes of local government, it falls within the [district](https://bliptext.com/articles/non-metropolitan-district) of [South Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/south-norfolk), however Mundham does have a [parish council](https://bliptext.com/articles/parish-councils-in-england) responsible for local matters laid down by law, including a role in [local planning](https://bliptext.com/articles/local-planning), it consists of five councillors, and a clerk.\nThe village contains a number of [heritage-listed](https://bliptext.com/articles/listed-building) buildings, which include a 12th-century church, multiple farmhouses, and the ruins of a 13th-century church.\nThe fields and woodland surrounding Mundham have changed little in the past 500 years, and the village itself remains rural with a low population density compared to the national average.\nMundham is located in the [electoral district](https://bliptext.com/articles/electoral-district) of [Loddon](https://bliptext.com/articles/loddon-norfolk), which is part of the [South [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk)](https://bliptext.com/articles/south-norfolk) district of the [county](https://bliptext.com/articles/county) of [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk), [England](https://bliptext.com/articles/england).\nNear the centre of Mundham, there is a small stream which flows into the [River Chet](https://bliptext.com/articles/river-chet).\nMundham borders the River Chet to the north, between Mundham and [Bergh Apton](https://bliptext.com/articles/bergh-apton), and is located 11 miles southeast of Norwich.\nIn the west, it borders [Seething](https://bliptext.com/articles/seething), while in the northeast, it borders [Sisland](https://bliptext.com/articles/sisland).\nIn the southeast the extensions of [Loddon](https://bliptext.com/articles/loddon-norfolk) reach.\nIn the south Mundham borders [Thwaite](https://bliptext.com/articles/thwaite-st-mary), and in the southwest it borders with [Hedenham](https://bliptext.com/articles/hedenham).\nThe village sign is located near [St Peter's](https://bliptext.com/articles/saint-peter) Church, and depicts a series of houses in the foreground, with [St Peter's](https://bliptext.com/articles/saint-peter) church and the millennium oak in the background, the sign's supports are carved into a sheath of wheat, with a small mouse and a poppy hidden within them.\n\n# Toponymy\nThe name Mundham originates from the pre-7th century word Mund, which is the [nominative](https://bliptext.com/articles/nominative-case) [plural](https://bliptext.com/articles/plural) of the [Old English](https://bliptext.com/articles/old-english) word munda, meaning \"protector\", \"guardian\" or \"hand\", or the [Old Saxon](https://bliptext.com/articles/old-saxon) noun mund, meaning \"hand\", both of which come from the [Proto-Germanic](https://bliptext.com/articles/proto-germanic) mundō, which itself comes from the [Proto-Indo-European](https://bliptext.com/articles/proto-indo-european-language) word *mh₂-nt-éh₂, which means \"the beckoning one\".\nThe suffix -ham is the Old English noun meaning \"homestead, village, manor or estate,\" which comes from the [Proto-West Germanic](https://bliptext.com/articles/proto-west-germanic) haim, meaning \"home\".\nThe suffix -hamm is the Old English for \"enclosure\", \"land hemmed by water or marsh or higher ground\", \"land in a riverbend\", \"[rivermeadow](https://bliptext.com/articles/wet-meadow)\" or \"[promontory](https://bliptext.com/articles/promontory)\", which comes from the [Proto-West Germanic](https://bliptext.com/articles/proto-west-germanic) verb hammjan, meaning \"to pinch\", \"to hem\" or \"to enclose\".\nBoth -hamm and -ham appear as -ham in modern place names.\n\n# History\nMundham was founded nearly two millennia ago, in the late [Pax Romana](https://bliptext.com/articles/pax-romana) period, with the earliest Roman evidence dating from the reign of [Hadrian](https://bliptext.com/articles/hadrian), however, the name of Mundham dates from the early Anglo Saxon period, in the [Kingdom of East Anglia](https://bliptext.com/articles/kingdom-of-east-anglia), during the [Heptarchy](https://bliptext.com/articles/heptarchy), in the 5th to 7th century AD. St Peter's Church and Mundham Hall were built between then and 1086, as they appear Mundham's entry in the Domesday book.\nIn the 12th/13th century, Mundham was split into Mundham St Peter's (Mundham Magna) and Mundham [St Ethelbert's](https://bliptext.com/articles/thelberht-ii-of-east-anglia) (Mundham Parva), and [St Ethelbert's](https://bliptext.com/articles/thelberht-ii-of-east-anglia) Church was built for use by Mundham Parva, until 1454 when Mundham reunified, despite this [St Ethelbert's](https://bliptext.com/articles/thelberht-ii-of-east-anglia) stayed open until 1749.\nIn the 12th century, the current iteration of St Peter's was built.\nThroughout the 19th century, the major landowners of Mundham were usually the owner of Mundham house, which was built sometime prior to 1845, and the lord of the manor in Dickleburgh-Manclere.\nAcross from the Church, Roman coins and other artefacts have been found, dating from 130 AD until the end of the Roman Empire's occupation of Britannia in 410 AD.\n\n## Early history\nMundham was founded as a settlement in the late Pax Romana period, built on the sandy soil of the river Chet, however there has been activity here since the [earliest period](https://bliptext.com/articles/prehistoric-norfolk) of human settlement in Norfolk.\nMesolithic blades, and burnt and worked [flint](https://bliptext.com/articles/flint-axe)s as well as [Neolithic](https://bliptext.com/articles/neolithic) [flint](https://bliptext.com/articles/flint-axe)s have been found in nearby fields, as have [flint](https://bliptext.com/articles/flint-axe) and bronze axes, [scrapers](https://bliptext.com/articles/scraper-archaeology) and many other objects.\nA number of early Neolithic pits have been discovered, one of which contained burnt wood and debris and a human cremation, other nearby pits have been dated to the Bronze Age, and a ditch and another two pits have been dated to the Iron Age.\nEvidence of the [Bronze Age](https://bliptext.com/articles/bronze-age-britain) appears in a number of [ring ditches](https://bliptext.com/articles/ring-ditch), [enclosures](https://bliptext.com/articles/enclosure-archaeology) and [linear crop marks](https://bliptext.com/articles/cropmark).\nObjects found include arrowheads, assorted metal tools and pottery [sherds](https://bliptext.com/articles/sherds).\n[Iron Age](https://bliptext.com/articles/british-iron-age) artefacts were found, along with [postholes](https://bliptext.com/articles/posthole), ditches and pits.\nObjects from the period include coins, jewellery and pottery.\nThere is evidence of a Roman settlement, as Roman bricks and tiles, as well as many sherds of Roman pottery have been found, as have personal items such as brooches and cosmetic tools, and coins.\nThere are remnants of the Norse occupation of East Anglia found in Mundham, such as a silver clasp button which was discovered in the 1980s, it is unparalleled in its design in England, being similar to other buttons from the island of [Helgö](https://bliptext.com/articles/helg), which was known to make such items, however its metallurgical properties are similar to other norse silverwork which were made in England, in which case, it may be a copy of a [Swedish](https://bliptext.com/articles/sweden) artefact prototype.\nAlthough the first record of Mundham and St Peter's Church is in the original [Domesday book](https://bliptext.com/articles/domesday-book), Mundham, as indicated by its archaeology and toponymy, was established here in the early Roman Empire, c. 130, however it was named Mundham sometime between the 5th and 7th century AD, as shown by toponymic evidence, and also as the remains of sunken-featured buildings, or [Pit-houses](https://bliptext.com/articles/pit-house) have been excavated, and an Early Saxon inhumation cemetery as well as a Middle Saxon [posthole](https://bliptext.com/articles/posthole).\nIn 1086, Mundham had a population of 76.3 households and had its land split between 13 different owners, giving it an estimated population of 381, putting it in the top 20% of settlements listed in the Domesday Book.\nIn the Domesday Book, it is listed as:\n \"**Mundaham / Mundhala**: King's land, in the custody of [Godric](https://bliptext.com/articles/godric-the-steward); also in the charge of William de Noyers; Thorold, Ulfketel and Robert de Vaux from [Roger Bigot](https://bliptext.com/articles/roger-bigod-of-norfolk); Jocelyn from St Edmund's; Nigel and Ansger from Robert FitzCorbucion; Isaac; Roger FitzRainard; Ralph FitzHagni. ½ church. Horse at the hall.\"\n[sic]\nThis is also the first mention of St Peter's Church and Mundham Hall, originally St Peter's Church would have been owned and run by the Hall, as the concept of a parish church arrived with the Normans.\n# [An unusual mount plate from the mediaeval period | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Mundham///medieval///mount.jpg]\n# [St Peter's church, Tower and Porch | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/St///Peter%27s///church///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1455249.jpg]\n\n## Middle Ages to early modern period\nUnfortunately during this period, Mundham is relatively poorly recorded, however some evidence comes from archaeological finds and church records.\nSt Peter's Church is the oldest building in Mundham, having been first built before the Domesday Book was written, as it has Anglo-Saxon foundations.\nIt also has a beautiful example of a carved Norman doorway.\nThe [nave](https://bliptext.com/articles/nave) of the church dates from the 12th century, and the 15th-century bell-tower contains the remains of a relatively plain, Norman [Purbeck marble](https://bliptext.com/articles/purbeck-marble) font, which was lost from the 1850s to the 1920s, when it was found in a pond in Seething.\nSometime after the Domesday book was written, and sometime before 1224, Mundham was split into two different villages, Mundham St Peter's (or Mundham Magna) and Mundham St Ethelbert's (or Mundham Parva), the split was marked by the building of a second church, St Ethelbert's, for use by Mundham Parva.\nSt Ethelbert's wasn't well recorded until the late 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until 1454, when Mundham was reunited into one village, although St Ethelbert's continued to operate until its closure in 1749.\nIn 1430, the manor of Mundham was bought by [Sir John Fastolf](https://bliptext.com/articles/john-fastolf), the prototype for [Shakespeare's](https://bliptext.com/articles/william-shakespeare) [Falstaff](https://bliptext.com/articles/falstaff), before he sold it again in 1451 to Hugh Acton, who was the master of [St Giles Hospital](https://bliptext.com/articles/great-hospital), Norwich, they continued to hold the manor here for over three hundred years.\nMundham has a Poor Lands charity which provides a small amount of money to elderly residents of the village using the rent from a plot of land which it owns, the land was left in 1680 by Thomas Spooner and an unknown donor, which brought in 20 shillings and 10 shillings of yearly rent charges in 1845 respectively.\nSt Peter's Church records date from dates from 1559, the churches of Mundham and Seething have been joined since the 15th century, before they merged with Thwaite, Brooke and Kirstead, forming a group, before being fully joined as a benefice, by order of the council, in 1881.\n# [Norman Purbeck marble font | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/St///Peter%2C///Mundham%2C///Norfolk///-///Redundant///font///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1281169.jpg]\n\n## Late modern period\nThroughout the 18th and 19th centuries, Mundham grew significantly through the [Industrial Revolution](https://bliptext.com/articles/industrial-revolution), with the population peaking in 1831 at 314, Mundham also acquired a general store, a butchers shop, a post-mill, and three Chapels in this period.\nSt Peter's church underwent considerable growth during this time, as it was refurbished and had the vestry and northern aisle added, giving an extra 50 seats, also, a new [faux-Romanesque](https://bliptext.com/articles/romanesque-architecture) font was added, replacing the old Norman font which was then lost for almost a century.\nSometime around 1750, Mundham house was constructed as a typical [Georgian](https://bliptext.com/articles/georgian-architecture) Manor house, and it possesses many interesting [Neoclassical](https://bliptext.com/articles/neoclassical-architecture) features.\nIn 1881, Mundham, Seething, Thwaite, Brooke and Kirstead formed the Brooke [Benefice](https://bliptext.com/articles/benefice), fully uniting them as one permanent church appointment.\nThroughout the late modern period the major landowners of Mundham changed constantly, in the mid 19th century, G. S. Kett, whom was lord of the manor in Dickleburgh-Manclere, Jonathan Farrow, esquire, the owner of Mundham House, and Edward Clarke, esquire, were the major landowners.\nHowever in the 1880s, Henry Manners-Sutton, 4th [Viscount Canterbury](https://bliptext.com/articles/viscount-canterbury), who lived in Dickleburgh-Manclere, was the major landowner in Mundham, but by the late 19th century, the major landowner was Mr Hy.\nE. Garrod, however, Edward Clarke and his son, Henry, still owned a large area of land in Mundham, and Arthur E. Powell, esq, now owned Mundham house.\nBy this time, Mundham was officially located in the Brooke polling district.\nUp until 1879 the vicar of the Brooke group, and therefore the vicar of St Peter's Church was J. T. Burt, he lived in a [rectorial manor](https://bliptext.com/articles/glebe) which belonged to the Great Hospital in Norwich, which also held a large area of land and the [advowson](https://bliptext.com/articles/advowson), the ability to present a nominee for the position of vicar, in Mundham, he was then replaced by Charles Hocking Hicks, whom was vicar until 1930.\n# [Mundham village sign | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Mundham///village///sign///1.jpg]\n\n# Landmarks\nMundham's buildings display a wide range of architectural styles, from modern red brick houses, Georgian manors, and Tudor farm houses.\nMost of Mundham was built built in the 20th century, although the farms are mostly all far older, many of which are among the 13 listed buildings in Mundham.\n\n## Mundham St Peter's\nWhen Mundham was two separate villages, Mundham St Peter's, or Mundham Magna (Mundham Greater), was the smaller, denser, northern part of Mundham and existed until the reunification in 1454.\nSt Peter's Church, the ruins of St Ethelbert's Church, Mundham House, and the site of Mundham Hall, are all located within Mundham St Peter's. It was originally known as Mundham Magna, but was called Mundham St Peter's in more recent writings.\n\n### St Peter's Church\nLocated in the west of Mundham, on Loddon road, St Peter's Church is a grade I listed church, which was originally built in the 7th century AD, as a wooden, [Saxon](https://bliptext.com/articles/saxon) church, and while none of the [Saxon](https://bliptext.com/articles/saxon) church remains, the foundations are still [Saxon](https://bliptext.com/articles/saxon).\nThere has been a church on the site for over a millennium, and it was first recorded in the [Domesday book](https://bliptext.com/articles/domesday-book).\nOriginally, St Peter's was a [Catholic](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic) church, as it predates the [English Reformation](https://bliptext.com/articles/english-reformation) by about 900 years, however after the reformation, St Peter's Church became an [Anglican](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglicanism) church.\nMost of the internals of the church are 15th century wood carvings, and remain into the current age.\nSt Peter's Churchyard contains graves dating from the late 18th century up to the current day.\n\n#### History\n# [The carved Norman doorway | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Mundham///Norman///Door///1.jpg]\n\n##### Earlier buildings\nMundham was first created in c. 130 AD, in [Roman Britain](https://bliptext.com/articles/roman-britain), and although Britain was Christian between c. 350 AD and 410, there is no evidence of a Roman church located anywhere in Mundham.\nAfter the Roman Empire left Britain in 410 AD, [Christianity](https://bliptext.com/articles/christianity) was lost in Norfolk until it reached England again in 597 AD, and soon after, in the 7th century, St Peter's church was built, acting as the personal chapel of Mundham Hall, as during [Anglo-Saxon England](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglo-saxon-england) a church was owned by the local hall, rather than by the parish, as the idea of a parish church arrived with the Normans.\nAll that remains of the Saxon church is its foundations, as most churches of that period were wooden buildings.\n\n##### Norman church\nSt Peter's church's first written record was in the [Domesday book](https://bliptext.com/articles/domesday-book) in 1086, when it was strangely recorded as a half church.\nDuring [Norman England](https://bliptext.com/articles/history-of-england), in the early 12th century, the previous Saxon church was replaced with the Norman nave which exists to this day.\nThe main doorway of St Peter's church is built in a [Romanesque](https://bliptext.com/articles/romanesque-architecture) or early [Norman](https://bliptext.com/articles/norman-architecture) style, and it was carved by the same master [Stonemason](https://bliptext.com/articles/stonemasonry) as both [Ashby St Mary](https://bliptext.com/articles/ashby-st-mary)'s St Mary, and [Heckingham](https://bliptext.com/articles/heckingham)'s St Gregory, as all have the same signature style.\n# [The painting of St Christopher on the north wall | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/St///Peter%2C///Mundham%2C///Norfolk///-///Wall///painting///and///monument///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1281164.jpg]\n\n##### Later history\nThe [Chancel](https://bliptext.com/articles/chancel) was added to the church in the early 14th century, as soon after that, the [Black death](https://bliptext.com/articles/black-death) broke out, and therefore additions to the church would have been very unlikely to have taken place.\nDuring the 15th century, the church underwent a large change, with the construction of the bell tower, along with the majority of the internal dressings of the church, such as the [pews](https://bliptext.com/articles/pews), the [rood screen](https://bliptext.com/articles/rood-screen), and the walls were painted with [Catholic imagery](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic-art).\nAfter the [English reformation](https://bliptext.com/articles/english-reformation) in 1534, when England changed from a [Catholic](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic-church) country into an [Anglican](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglicanism) one, due to this, the paintings of saints on the walls were whitewashed, and other such [Catholic](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic-church) dressings were removed, the walls remained covered for almost 400 years, and the majority of which remain covered, all but the [Saint Christopher](https://bliptext.com/articles/saint-christopher) on the north wall.\nDue to damage to the building, and the expense of repair, St Ethelbert's church was closed in 1749, and with the building quickly becoming derelict, the [Sanctus bell](https://bliptext.com/articles/church-bell) was taken from the [Gable](https://bliptext.com/articles/gable) of the church, and moved into St Peter's bell tower.\nIn 1863, an extra aisle was added to the northern side of the nave, adding 50 extra seats, and would eventually give a place for the church organ.\nIn 1877, a vestry was added for the [Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria](https://bliptext.com/articles/golden-jubilee-of-queen-victoria), as well as a new font in the form of a [faux-romanesque](https://bliptext.com/articles/romanesque-architecture) one, this replaced the old [Norman](https://bliptext.com/articles/norman-architecture) [Purbeck marble](https://bliptext.com/articles/purbeck-marble) font which was lost around that time, before eventually being found in a pond in the nearby village of [Seething](https://bliptext.com/articles/seething) nearly 50 years later.\nIn the early 20th century, a survey of the interior of the church found the 15th century wall painting of Saint Christopher, and was subsequently uncovered soon after.\nAs well as that, in 1930, a Tudor wafer oven, a recess for the hanging of banners, and a [consecration cross](https://bliptext.com/articles/consecration-cross) were found in of the walls of the bell tower.\nThe stained glass [St Peter's Keys](https://bliptext.com/articles/keys-of-heaven) on the main window was added in 1953 to celebrate the coronation of [Queen Elizabeth II](https://bliptext.com/articles/elizabeth-ii).\nThe pulpit used to be on the right side of the rood screen, however it was removed in 1962 for safety reasons.\nIn 1968, the ancient building was finally installed with electric lighting and heating.\n# [The 15th century rood screen | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Mundham///Rood///Screen///1.jpg]\n\n#### Architecture\nThe [nave](https://bliptext.com/articles/nave) of St Peter's church is a long, narrow Norman build, which dates from the early 12th century, it was built with a rare, early example of [Scissor beams](https://bliptext.com/articles/scissors-truss), and, as with many other churches in Norfolk, the walls are painted with saints and other [Catholic imagery](https://bliptext.com/articles/catholic-art), unfortunately these were all painted over during the [English Reformation](https://bliptext.com/articles/english-reformation), however a 15th-century mural depicting [Saint Christopher](https://bliptext.com/articles/saint-christopher) was uncovered, and although a large section is covered by a memorial from 1797, his head and body, the floral border, and a prayer scroll which contains an invitation to pray before the image are revealed.\nThe nave has two Norman doorways, the more elaborate of which is the main entrance to the church, it has three well-carved members, and elaborate scrolls, leaves, and rolls.\nThe other doorway, which is far more plain, is located directly across from the entrance, and while it was once another entrance to the church, it now leads into a vestry.\nJust inside the door on the right is the [Holy Water Stoup](https://bliptext.com/articles/holy-water-font), and on the south wall there are two Tudor windows, which have carved heads on the outside of the church.\nThe 15th-century, wooden [rood screen](https://bliptext.com/articles/rood-screen) is used to separate the people's church from the [chancel](https://bliptext.com/articles/chancel), and is decorated with carved [cherub](https://bliptext.com/articles/cherub)'s heads, the screen was once painted red and white, but has since lost its colour.\nThe 15th-century [pews](https://bliptext.com/articles/pew) have carved poppy heads on their ends.\nOn the right of the screen is an hourglass holder, which was used to time the priests sermons, and nearby to that is a recess which marks the way up where the rood loft once was.\nThe [Reredos](https://bliptext.com/articles/reredos) was added in 1908, having been donated by the rev. Charles Hicks and his wife, and was designed as a miniature version of the one from [Notre-Dame Cathedral](https://bliptext.com/articles/notre-dame-de-paris) in Paris.\nThe chancel has three plain windows, which have the names of the glaziers scratched into them.\nThe only stained glass in the church is on the main window is at the far end of the church, it is a [cartouche](https://bliptext.com/articles/cartouche-design) of [Saint Peter's Keys](https://bliptext.com/articles/keys-of-heaven).\nUnder the main window, the floor has been raised in order to place the altar higher for the congregation, which makes the 15th-century [Piscina](https://bliptext.com/articles/piscina) (which is contained in a canopied recess) and [Sedilia](https://bliptext.com/articles/sedilia) relatively close to the floor.\nThe mediaeval [credence shelf](https://bliptext.com/articles/credence-table) is rare, as it was built with notches to hold the chalice upside-down while it drains.\nThe northern aisle holds the church's small, victorian [Organ](https://bliptext.com/articles/organ-music), gives 50 additional seats, and on the east wall is a framed brass rubbing of the memorial to [William Harborne](https://bliptext.com/articles/william-harborne), whom was the first [English Ambassador](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-diplomats-of-the-united-kingdom-to-the-ottoman-empire) to [Constantinople](https://bliptext.com/articles/constantinople).\nThe bell tower was added in the 15th century, and has three stages, with a battlemented parapet, turreted corners and [gargoyles](https://bliptext.com/articles/gargoyle) to throw rainwater clear of the walls.\nThe roof is tiled with [pantiles](https://bliptext.com/articles/pantile) and slates, however it was originally [thatched](https://bliptext.com/articles/thatching).\nThe arcading of flint on the battlements has the remains of the lettering \"**St Petrus**\", meaning \"Saint Peter\" in [Latin](https://bliptext.com/articles/latin).\nIt contains three bells; the [Sanctus bell](https://bliptext.com/articles/church-bell), and a pair of [Angelus bells](https://bliptext.com/articles/angelus), which are also called 'the Gabriel bells'.\nThe Church font, is built in a Victorian [faux-Romanesque](https://bliptext.com/articles/romanesque-architecture) style, and is located in the centre of the bell tower.\nThe original 13th-century, Norman Purbeck marble font is depicted in a [Cotman](https://bliptext.com/articles/john-sell-cotman) engraving, a copy of which is kept in the church.\nIncluding the fonts, a rare [Tudor](https://bliptext.com/articles/tudor-architecture) fireplace/wafer oven, one of only half a dozen left in Norfolk, is located in a recess of the tower, opposite which is a recess for banners.\nJust outside of the tower is a 14th-century [Consecration cross](https://bliptext.com/articles/consecration-crosses) on the wall.\nThe church also contains a rare example of the Royal Arms for [George II](https://bliptext.com/articles/george-ii-of-great-britain) from 1743.\n# [The Redoras, carved in 1908 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Mundham///Reredos///1908.jpg]\n# [Faux-romanesque Victorian Font | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Mundham///Font.jpg]\n# [The small, Victorian Organ | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Mundham///Organ.jpg]\n\n#### Music\nSt Peter's bell tower contains three bells, all three of which date prior to 1553, the smallest of the three is the [Sanctus bell](https://bliptext.com/articles/church-bell), this came from St Ethelbert's church when it closed in 1749.\nIt has a very rare \"narrow-waisted\" design, and is inscribed in latin as:\n \"Ave Maria, Gracia Plena, Dominus Tecum\" meaning \"Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord be with you\" [sic]\nThe other two bells are a pair of [Angelus bells](https://bliptext.com/articles/angelus), which are also known as 'the Gabriel bells'.\nThese have been in St Peter's church since the bell tower was built in the 15th century, and each have a latin inscription.\nOn the top of each bell is three small shields, and the monogram \"RB\" is repeated multiple times.\nAlthough the inscriptions appear to be largely nonsense, they read as follows:\n \"Hac In Conclave Gabriel. Nūc Pange Sauve.\"\nmeaning \"Save Gabriel in this room\" [sic]\n \"Dulcis Cisto Melis. Campana Vocor Michis.\"\nmeaning \"I call the sweet honey box bell for you\" [sic]\nA more logical form of the second inscription has \"Cisto\" replaced with \"Cista\", \"Melis\" replaced with \"Mellis\", and \"Michis\" being a shortened version of \"Michaelis\", thus meaning the inscription would read as:\n \"Dulcis Cista Mellis. Campana Vocor Michaelis.\"\n\"Box of sweet honey, I am called Michael’s bell\" [sic]\nSt Peter's church [organ](https://bliptext.com/articles/pipe-organ) is located in the northern aisle, and was built in 1877 by [William Hill & Son](https://bliptext.com/articles/william-hill-son), one of the main [organ](https://bliptext.com/articles/pipe-organ) builders of the 19th century.\nIt is quite a small organ, however, uniquely for such a small instrument, the organ has two full-sized keyboards, as well as a full pedalboard.\n\n#### Memorials and notable people\nAs is typical for such an ancient church, St Peter's Church contains many memorials to those who have contributed significantly to the church, the village, and even the country as a whole.\n# [Henry Osborn's memorial plaque, placed in 1538 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Henry///Osborn///plaque%2C///Mundham///church.jpg]\n\n##### Henry Osborn\nThe oldest memorial in the church is dedicated to Henry Osborn, this small metal floor plaque dates from 1538, and is situated at the head of the Chancel.\nIt is written in a mediaeval cursive style, and is particularly difficult to read.\nThe entire plaque is transcribed below:\n \"Of your charitie pray for the soule of Henry Osborn whois bodie lieth buried under this ston / died in the XXIX yeir of our sovreign lord [kyng Henry the VIII](https://bliptext.com/articles/henry-viii-of-england) on whose soule Jesu have mercy amen.\"\n[sic]\nKing Henry VIII was crowned in 1509, and this was recorded as the 29th year of his reign, making the year 1538.\nThis is one of the very last examples of the use of prayer clauses in a memorial inscription in Norfolk, because shortly after [prayers for the dead](https://bliptext.com/articles/prayers-for-the-dead) became illegal.\n\n##### William Harborne\n**[William Harborne](https://bliptext.com/articles/william-harborne)** was the [first English ambassador](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-diplomats-of-the-united-kingdom-to-the-ottoman-empire) to [Constantinople](https://bliptext.com/articles/constantinople) from November 1582 until August 1588, leaving it as one of the most powerful positions in the English foreign service, when he retired to Mundham, living in Mundham Hall until his death on 6 September 1617 at the age of 72.\nA marble floor plaque was laid in his honour in St Peter's Church, and is engraved with his eulogy, which goes as follows:\n \"Behold a dead mans howse who full of dayes, retirde here from the world desert and praise should sitt uppon in vertuous strife, this to instruct and that to wright his life. Heires spare your cost, he needs no tombe in death, who Embassagde for Queene Elizabeth, his next will be when at the generall doome God sends his soule to fetch his bodye home\" [sic]\nHe also had a gravestone at St Ethelbert's church, but it has been lost along with the rest of the churchyard, the inscription of his grave read:\n \"Reader, the dust inclos'd beneath this pile, A life unspotted liv'd; devoid of e'ery guile, Plain in his manners, sincere to his friend, A pattern of virtue with honesty combin'd, Shewn thro' e'ery action while here on earth, 'Till unerring fate had stopt his breath.\"\n[sic]\nHarborne had a significant role in preventing the [Ottoman Empire](https://bliptext.com/articles/ottoman-empire) from supporting [Catholic Spain](https://bliptext.com/articles/spanish-empire) in [the war](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglo-spanish-war-1585-1604) against [Protestant England](https://bliptext.com/articles/elizabethan-era) that was taking place at the time.\nHarborne was able to persuade the [Porte](https://bliptext.com/articles/sublime-porte) that Spain was a threat to peace for all of Europe, and although he was unable to obtain a military alliance with the Ottoman empire, the Spanish-Ottoman protocol was not renewed in 1587, and the [Elizabethan Treaty](https://bliptext.com/articles/foreign-relations-of-the-ottoman-empire) was renewed and would continue for another 343 years between [England](https://bliptext.com/articles/england) and the [Ottoman Empire](https://bliptext.com/articles/ottoman-empire), until 1930.\nHe also had a coat of arms, a red shield with three [bezants](https://bliptext.com/articles/bezants) around a gold Lion.\n(Blazon: Gules, a lion passant or between three bezants) William's daughter, Elizabeth, married Gregory Randall and had a daughter, also called Elizabeth, whom was born in 1629 and died in January 1652 at the age of 23.\nHer memorial in latin reads:\n \"Elizabethae filia unica Gregorij Randall Generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi Harborne armigeri hic sepultae fuit hense Jan anno 1652, aetatis suae 23\"\nWhich translated into English is:\n \"Elizabeth, the only daughter of Gregory Randall, noble, and Elizabeth, his wife, one of the daughters of William Harborne, esquire, was buried here Jan. 1652, at the age of 23\"\nGregory's son, William, and his wife, Elizabeth (née Cooke) lost four daughters at birth, and laid a stone in their memory in August 1671.\nTheir memorial in latin reads:\n \"Quatuor infantes filiolae gulielmi randall generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi cookrade broome barronetti sunt hic sepultae, in quarum memoriam hunc lapidem posvit earum pater hense augusti 1671\"\nWhich translated into English is:\n \"Four infant daughters of William Randall, noble, and Elizabeth his wife, one of the daughters of William Cooke, baronet of Broome, are buried here, in memory of which their father laid this stone in August 1671\"\nElizabeth Randall's father was [William Cooke, first Baronet of Broome hall](https://bliptext.com/articles/cooke-baronets), and her brother, [Sir William Cooke](https://bliptext.com/articles/sir-william-cook-2nd-baronet), became the second and final Baronet of Broome hall.\n# [The floor plaque for William Harborne, placed in 1617 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Mundham///Plaque///Floor///1617///William///Harborne.jpg]\n# [Arms of Cooke Baronets of Broome Hall in Norfolk (Cooke of Linstead, Suffolk) Blazon: Or, a chevron engrailed gules between three cinquefoils azure on a chief of the second a lion passant argent | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Cooke///%28of///Linstead%2C///Suffolk%29///arms.svg]\n# [Elizabeth Randall's Floor Plaque | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Mundham///Plaque///Floor///1652///Gregorij///Randall.jpg]\n# [Robert Grimer's Floor Plaque, 1759 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Mundham///Plaque///Floor///1759///Robert///Grimer.jpg]\n\n##### The Grimer family\nThe Grimers lived in Mundham for over 250 years, from pre-16th century to the late 18th century, they were first recorded in 1523 when Robert Greymer was born, and last record when Robert Grimer was born in 1772.\nThey were some of the major landowners of their time, and have three floor plaques and a wall plaque in St Peter's Church which is over the St Christopher's painting, one of which has their 'self assigned' coat of arms of three golden eagles on a green shield.\n(Blazon: Vert, three Eagles displayed with wings inverted Or)\n\n##### The War Memorial\nMundham's [WWI](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-war-one) war memorial is located on the southern wall of the aisle of St Peter's Church.\nIt is carved from Italian marble, and was unveiled in memory of those who lost their lives in the war.\nThey are listed below as follows;\nOnly one resident of Mundham died during [World War II](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-war-ii), that being Guardsman Herbert Bertie Reginald Butcher of the 1st Battalion of the [Coldstream Guards](https://bliptext.com/articles/coldstream-guards), he died at the age of 21, on 22 April 1941.\nWhen the [Second World War](https://bliptext.com/articles/second-world-war) began, the 1st and 2nd battalions of the Coldstream Guards were part of the [British Expeditionary Force](https://bliptext.com/articles/british-expeditionary-force-world-war-ii) in France.\n# [Mundham War Memorial | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Mundham///Plaque///1918///War///Marble.jpg]\n# [Lt Col George Eardley Todd | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Lt///Col///George///Todd.jpg]\n\n##### George Eardley Todd\nGeorge Todd was born in 1881, to George Nicholas Todd and Bertha Eardley-Wilmot, and married his wife Mary in 1914, he was the churchwarden of St Peter's Church from 1923 until his death in 1939, he is buried in St Peter's graveyard.\nHe held the rank of [lieutenant colonel](https://bliptext.com/articles/lieutenant-colonel) in the [British Army](https://bliptext.com/articles/british-army), making him both the only known officer and the highest-ranked military personnel to ever reside in Mundham.\nHe received the [White Eagle: 4th Class](https://bliptext.com/articles/order-of-the-white-eagle-serbia) in 1919, and the [Croix de Guerre](https://bliptext.com/articles/croix-de-guerre), Chevalier of the [Legion of Honor](https://bliptext.com/articles/legion-of-honor), and Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire,, after his death.\nHe served as a [wing commander](https://bliptext.com/articles/wing-commander) in the [Royal Flying Corps](https://bliptext.com/articles/royal-flying-corps) from 1916 to 1917, and later served in the [Welch Regiment](https://bliptext.com/articles/welch-regiment) in 1920.\n\n##### Samuel Shuckford\n**[Samuel Shuckford](https://bliptext.com/articles/samuel-shuckford)** (c. 1693–1754) was an English cleric, antiquarian, and mythographer.\nHe was vicar of Mundham from 1722 until he resigned in 1746.\nAfter that, he was given the living of [All Saints, Lombard Street](https://bliptext.com/articles/all-saints-lombard-street), London; and was one of the chaplains of George II.\nBetween 1712 and 1719 he studied at [Caius College](https://bliptext.com/articles/gonville-and-caius-college-cambridge), [Cambridge](https://bliptext.com/articles/university-of-cambridge), graduating B.A. in 1716 and M.A. in 1720, and later being awarded the [Lambeth degree](https://bliptext.com/articles/lambeth-degree) of D.D. Shuckford's major work was The Sacred and Profane History of the World, connected from the creation of the world to the dissolution of the Assyrian empire at the death of Sardanapalus, and to the declension of the kingdom of Judah and Israel, under the reigns of Ahaz and Pekah.\nThis work was intended to serve as an introduction to [Humphrey Prideaux](https://bliptext.com/articles/humphrey-prideaux)'s Old and New Testament Connected.\n# [Reverend Octavius Mathias | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Rev.///Octavius///Mathias.jpg]\n\n##### Octavius Mathias\n**[Octavius Mathias](https://bliptext.com/articles/octavius-mathias)** (27 February 1805 – 18 June 1864) was a pioneering [Anglican](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglicanism) priest in New Zealand in the mid-nineteenth century, who was born in Mundham.\nHe was [Perpetual curate](https://bliptext.com/articles/perpetual-curate) of [Horsham St Faith](https://bliptext.com/articles/horsham-st-faith) then [Vicar](https://bliptext.com/articles/vicar) of [Horsford](https://bliptext.com/articles/horsford) until 1850 when he emigrated to New Zealand.\nHe was [Rector](https://bliptext.com/articles/rector-ecclesiastical) of [Canterbury](https://bliptext.com/articles/canterbury-new-zealand) from 1850 to 1855; and [Archdeacon of Akaroa](https://bliptext.com/articles/archdeacon-of-akaroa) from 1855 until his death.\nHe died on 18 June 1864 at [Riccarton, New Zealand](https://bliptext.com/articles/riccarton-new-zealand).\n\n##### Robert Shirley, 13th Earl Ferrers\n**[Robert Shirley, 13th Earl Ferrers](https://bliptext.com/articles/robert-shirley-13th-earl-ferrers)** (8 June 1929 – 13 November 2012), styled **Viscount Tamworth** between 1937 and 1954, was a British [Conservative](https://bliptext.com/articles/conservative-party-uk) politician and member of the [House of Lords](https://bliptext.com/articles/house-of-lords) as one of the remaining [hereditary peers](https://bliptext.com/articles/hereditary-peer).\nHe was one of the few people to serve in the governments of five [prime ministers](https://bliptext.com/articles/prime-minister-of-the-united-kingdom).\nHe owned and ran a 150 acre farm in Mundham, starting in 1969.\n\n##### George William Lemon\nThe Reverend **[George William Lemon](https://bliptext.com/articles/george-william-lemon)** (1726 - 4 October 1797) was the author of an early [etymological dictionary](https://bliptext.com/articles/etymological-dictionary) of the [English language](https://bliptext.com/articles/english-language), published in 1783.\nLemon graduated from [Queens' College](https://bliptext.com/articles/queens-college), [Cambridge](https://bliptext.com/articles/university-of-cambridge), in 1748.\nHe was Rector of [Geytonthorpe](https://bliptext.com/articles/geytonthorpe), Vicar of [East Walton](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-walton), [Norfolk](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk) from 1755, and master of [Norwich School](https://bliptext.com/articles/norwich-school) from 1769 to 1778.\nHe also held the living of Mundham St Peter and St Ethelbert, and also [Seething](https://bliptext.com/articles/seething), however he was never instituted to them.\nLemon married Elizabeth Young (1735 – 1804) on 31 May 1760.\nBoth are buried in East Walton.\n# [The ruins of St Ethelbert's church | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/The///ruins///of///St///Ethelbert%27s///church///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1455330.jpg]\n\n### St Ethelbert's Church\nSt Ethelbert's Church is a grade II listed, ruined Anglican church, which was originally Catholic, but became an Anglican church during the English reformation, when Mundham split into two different villages in the 12/13th century, it was built for use by the newly created Mundham Parva, and although Mundham reunified in 1454, St Ethelbert's church was not made redundant until 1749, almost 300 years later.\nIt was not well recorded until well into the 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until it closed.\nLocated near the centre of Mundham, the ruins of St Ethelbert's church are hidden by a small wooded [copse](https://bliptext.com/articles/copse), the edge of the graveyard is marked by the ground sloping away, then there are three pillars of flint and stone topped by elder, two of which form the east wall, either side of a window, while the third forms part of the north wall, these are the remains of the chancel.\nThere are surviving blocks of stone in the former east window outline, and a [putlog hole](https://bliptext.com/articles/putlog-hole) to the right of it.\n# [Mundham House | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Mundham///House///-///geograph.org.uk///-///1057590.jpg]\n\n### Mundham House\nMundham House is a grade II listed, late 18th-century, brick house with neoclassical features.\nIt was built in c. 1750, by one Jonathan Farrow, and is shown on the Faden's map from 1797.\nThe house was extended and altered in the 19th and 20th centuries, and has sash windows, with gauged and rubbed brick arches; a central [pedimented](https://bliptext.com/articles/pedimented) door; a peacock tail fanlight and an elaborately tiled exterior lavatory dating to c. 1880.\nThe stables also date to the late 18th or early 19th century and have [lunette](https://bliptext.com/articles/lunette) windows.\nIt also appeared in White's 1854 - 1890, under the ownership of another Jonathan Farrow, esq, who, in 1855 committed adultery with an Elizabeth Parr.\nLater, Mundham house was inherited by Arthur Ernest Powell, esq, as he was the son-in-law of Jonathan Farrow, having married his only daughter, Mary Elizabeth Farrow.\nHe also built a chapel in Mundham.\n\n### Mundham Hall\nSoutheast of St Peter's Church is the site of Mundham Hall, it was built during the [Heptarchy](https://bliptext.com/articles/heptarchy) of the [Kingdom of East Anglia](https://bliptext.com/articles/kingdom-of-east-anglia), sometime after 410 AD, but pre 7th-century, as the Hall was the local authority for the village.\nThey also built St Peter's Church as their personal church, because the idea of a parish church came from the Normans, whom St Peter's Church predates.\nThe hall is first recorded in the Domesday book entry for Mundham as owning a horse.\nThe building was demolished over 200 years ago, however the most recent stables were converted into a private residence, in whose garden the hall's foundations have been found.\nThe site of the hall is also recorded on the 1826 Bryant's map of Norfolk.\n\n### Mundham Mill\nMundham Mill was located at the top of Mundham Common, to which it lends the current house its name.\nAs with many sites in Mundham, the mill is first shown on the 1797 Faden's map of Mundham.\nIn 1819, the mill was owned by William Brown of [Sisland](https://bliptext.com/articles/sisland), when, on 30 July, two children, Amelia and Robert Pitcher, aged 31/2 and 43/4 respectively, were killed when they were hit by the mill's sails, Amelia was knocked down by them, and Robert ran to her assistance, before also being struck and killed, Amelia survived the initial accident, however she died soon after.\nThey were both buried in St Peter's Churchyard two days later, and their death was announced in the Essex Herald on 10 August.\nThe mill is shown on both the 1826 Bryants map, and the 1834 Greenwoods map.\nFrom 1845 to 1852, the Mill was under the ownership of William Beverly, (b.1800) who lived in the mill house with his family, his wife Mary Ann and his five children; Mary Ann, William, Michael, Emma and Margrett, however when William Beverly was declared insolvent in 1852, the mill was sold to G.S Kett, who then auctioned off the mill to Uriah Tibbenham in June of the same year, who ran it from 1864 to 1872.\nIt is next mentioned in 1875, under the tenancy of Johnson Goff.\nIn 1883, the previously wind powered mill was changed to a wind and steam method.\nJohnson continued under tenancy until July 1901, when he bought the mill at auction, which he continued to run until 1908, when it was bought by Ezra Upton, who ran it until its demolition in c. 1936, as by 1937 only the broken wall of the roundhouse remained.\n# [Mundham Mill, c. 1935 | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Mundham-postmill-c.1935.jpg]\n\n### The Two Chapels\nMundham has had two different chapels, all with different branches of [Protestantism](https://bliptext.com/articles/protestantism), which were [Primitive [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism)](https://bliptext.com/articles/primitive-methodism-in-the-united-kingdom), [Baptist](https://bliptext.com/articles/baptists), and [Wesleyan [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism)](https://bliptext.com/articles/wesleyan-methodist-church-great-britain), which later became [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism).\nThe first chapel, on Mundham Common Road, was founded in 1833 as a Primitive Methodist one, which then became a Baptist chapel in 1849.\nThe second chapel, on Brooke Road, was created in 1893 as a Wesleyan [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism) chapel, constructed by Arthur E. Powell, whom lived in Mundham House at the time, as stated by a stone plaque on the building, however, after the [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism) unification in 1932, it became a [Methodist](https://bliptext.com/articles/methodism) chapel, until its closure in 1980, 87 years later.\n\n## Mundham St Ethelbert's\nWhen Mundham was two separate villages, Mundham St Ethelbert's, also called Mundham Parva (Mundham Lesser), was the larger, sparser, southern part of Mundham and existed until the reunification in 1454.\nSeething observatory, and now the majority of [Seething Airfield](https://bliptext.com/articles/seething-airfield), are located within Mundham St Ethelbert's. It was originally known as Mundham Parva, but was called Mundham St Ethelbert's in more recent writings.\n# [Seething Airfield | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Seethingairfield-16oct1945.png]\n\n### Seething Airfield\nSeething Airfield, originally called [RAF Seething](https://bliptext.com/articles/raf-seething), was constructed in 1942 for use as an [American airbase](https://bliptext.com/articles/united-states-air-force) in the [Second World War](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-war-ii), and was the base of operations for the [448th Bombardment Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/448th-bombardment-group), a part of the [2nd Air Division](https://bliptext.com/articles/2nd-air-division) of the [Eighth American Air Force](https://bliptext.com/articles/eighth-air-force).\nThey flew [Liberator bombers](https://bliptext.com/articles/consolidated-b-24-liberator) in several missions from 1943 to 1945, during which 350 young men lost their lives.\nThe 448th consisted of the [712th](https://bliptext.com/articles/712th-bombardment-squadron), [713th](https://bliptext.com/articles/712th-bombardment-squadron), [714th](https://bliptext.com/articles/714th-bombardment-squadron), and [715th Bombardment Squadron](https://bliptext.com/articles/715th-bombardment-squadron).\nRAF Seething was located mostly in Seething, however after the Second World War the areas of the airfield which were in Seething were returned to farmland, leaving none of Seething Airfield inside Seething anymore.\nIn 1963, the Waveney Flying Group purchased the land, which they renovated and continue to use as of 2023.\n# [Seething Observatory | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Seething///Observatory///-///geograph.org.uk///-///156641.jpg]\n\n### Seething Observatory\nSeething Observatory is located in the far south of Mundham, on the north side of Toad Lane, and is run by the Norwich Astronomical Society.\nBecause of the location of the observatory, the light pollution of Mundham is regulated, meaning that the village cannot have any street lights.\nBecause of this, of the five levels of light pollution, (Urban, Suburban, Semi-rural, Rural, & Dark Site) Mundham is at the Rural level, which is the second lowest.\n\n## Listed buildings\nIn Mundham, there are thirteen [listed buildings](https://bliptext.com/articles/listed-buildings), twelve of which are Grade II listed, and only one which is Grade I listed, which is St Peter's Church.\n\n# Geography\nAt 52.528°N, 1.441°W, 97 miles northeast of [London](https://bliptext.com/articles/london), Mundham's [topography](https://bliptext.com/articles/topography) is similar to most of [East Anglia](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-anglia), and is made up of river meadows and flat agricultural landscapes, with a combination of sandy soil in the north, and clayey soil in the south.\nAs of 2023, land cover mostly consists of [cultivated crops](https://bliptext.com/articles/crop) and [Hay](https://bliptext.com/articles/hay), along with scattered trees, mostly consisting of various varieties of Oak trees.\nThe [geological](https://bliptext.com/articles/geology-of-norfolk) system of Mundham mostly consists of [Cainozoic](https://bliptext.com/articles/cainozoic) [Sedimentary](https://bliptext.com/articles/sedimentary) rock, with a layer of [Eocene](https://bliptext.com/articles/eocene) [clay](https://bliptext.com/articles/clay) and [sand](https://bliptext.com/articles/sand) laid down in the [Paleogene](https://bliptext.com/articles/paleogene) Period.\nMundham lies at an average elevation of 30 metres, with a range of 16 to 41 metres, being lower in the north, and higher to the south,\nMundham Magna has slightly acidic [loamy](https://bliptext.com/articles/loamy) and clayey soils with impeded drainage, and low carbon.\nThe cropping of Mundham is reasonably flexible but more suited to autumn sown crops and grassland.\nMundham Parva has similar soil, albeit slightly less fertile, however it has more clay and therefore slower drainage, and although it is still slightly acidic, the soil is base rich.\n\n## Climate\nLike most of Norfolk, and much of the British Isles, Mundham has a [temperate](https://bliptext.com/articles/temperate) [maritime climate](https://bliptext.com/articles/oceanic-climate) ([Köppen](https://bliptext.com/articles/k-ppen-climate-classification): Cfb), with relatively cool summers and mild winters.\nThere is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year.\nMundham's average annual rainfall is 626.2 millimetres (24.65 in) compared to the UK average of 1,125.0 millimetres (44.29 in), and its mean rain days are 115.8 per annum, compared to the UK average of 154.4.\n\n# Demography\nThe demography of Mundham is recorded from 1801 to 2021 and is shown in the table below.\n\n# Public services\nPolicing in Mundham is provided by [Norfolk Constabulary](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-constabulary), [Statutory emergency fire and rescue service](https://bliptext.com/articles/fire-service-in-the-united-kingdom) is provided by the [Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-fire-and-rescue-service), of which the nearest station is in [Loddon](https://bliptext.com/articles/loddon-norfolk).\nThe nearest NHS hospital is [Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-and-norwich-university-hospital) in Norwich, administered by [Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital](https://bliptext.com/articles/norfolk-and-norwich-university-hospital)s NHS Foundation Trust.\nAmbulance services are provided by [East of England Ambulance Service](https://bliptext.com/articles/east-of-england-ambulance-service).\n[Waste management](https://bliptext.com/articles/waste-management) is coordinated by [South Norfolk Council](https://bliptext.com/articles/south-norfolk).\nLocally produced [inert waste](https://bliptext.com/articles/inert-waste) for disposal is processed into fuel for use in [combined heat and power](https://bliptext.com/articles/cogeneration) facilities in Europe.\nMundham's [distribution network operator](https://bliptext.com/articles/distribution-network-operator) for electricity is [UK Power Networks](https://bliptext.com/articles/uk-power-networks).\n[Drinking water](https://bliptext.com/articles/drinking-water) and [waste water](https://bliptext.com/articles/waste-water) are managed by [Anglian Water](https://bliptext.com/articles/anglian-water).\n\n# Notable residents","revisionCount":0},"hasMore":false,"nextCursor":null}