Molière's company

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Molière's company (La Troupe de Molière) was the theatrical company which formed around Molière from 1648 onwards, when he was performing in the French provinces after the failure of the Illustre Théâtre in 1645. In 1658 the company moved to Paris and, after a successful performance on 24 October 1658 in front of Louis XIV at the Louvre, was allowed to share the large hall in the Hôtel du Petit-Bourbon with the Italian players of Tiberio Fiorillo. At this time Molière's company became known as the Théâtre de Monsieur, since their official sponsor was the King's brother Philippe, Duke of Orléans, known as Monsieur. When the Petit Bourbon was demolished in 1660 to make way for the eastern expansion of the Louvre, Molière's troupe was allowed to use the abandoned Théâtre du Palais-Royal. The latter theatre had originally been built by Cardinal Richelieu in 1641. After Molière's death in 1673, his widow Armande Béjart and the actor La Grange kept the remnants of the company together, merging with the players from the Théâtre du Marais and moving to the Théâtre de Guénégaud. In 1680 the troupe of the Hôtel de Bourgogne joined the players at the Guénégaud, giving birth to the Comédie-Française.

Provinces

<!--- Après l’échec de l’[Illustre Théâtre](https://bliptext.com/articles/illustre-th-tre), [Molière](https://bliptext.com/articles/moli-re) fut emprisonné pour dettes quelques jours à la [prison du Grand-Châtelet](https://bliptext.com/articles/prison-du-grand-ch-telet). Il en sortit en août 1645. On n’est pas certain du parcours de [Molière](https://bliptext.com/articles/moli-re) les années suivantes. Cependant, on sait qu'il a fusionné le 23 avril 1648 à [Nantes](https://bliptext.com/articles/nantes) avec la troupe de [Charles Dufresne](https://bliptext.com/articles/charles-dufresne), qui exerçait en province depuis plusieurs années, puisqu’on trouve la trace de cette troupe à [Lyon](https://bliptext.com/articles/lyon) en 1643, à [Bordeaux](https://bliptext.com/articles/bordeaux) et à [Agen](https://bliptext.com/articles/agen) en 1646. Elle était alors sous la protection de [M. d’Épernon](https://bliptext.com/articles/bernard-de-nogaret-de-la-valette-d-pernon), gouverneur de Guyenne. [Molière](https://bliptext.com/articles/moli-re) amena avec lui les [Béjart](https://bliptext.com/articles/famille-b-jart) : [Madeleine](https://bliptext.com/articles/madeleine-b-jart), [Joseph](https://bliptext.com/articles/joseph-b-jart) et [Geneviève](https://bliptext.com/articles/genevi-ve-b-jart). La présence attestée de [Molière](https://bliptext.com/articles/moli-re) dans cette troupe ne date que du 23 avril 1648 à [Nantes](https://bliptext.com/articles/nantes), où il se trouva avec [Charles Dufresne](https://bliptext.com/articles/charles-dufresne), [Pierre Réveillon](https://bliptext.com/articles/pierre-r-veillon-dit-ch-teauneuf) et [Du Parc](https://bliptext.com/articles/ren-berthelot-dit-du-parc), qui lui resta fidèle jusqu’à sa mort en 1664. Les déplacements de cette troupe et son évolution ne sont connus que ponctuellement grâce à des quittances ou des registres de baptême et de mariage. Les dates sont celles des présences attestées par des documents d'archives. En octobre, la troupe « se donna » alors à [Monsieur](https://bliptext.com/articles/philippe-de-france-1640-1701), (Philippe de France), frère unique de [Louis XIV](https://bliptext.com/articles/louis-xiv-de-france) contre l’honneur de sa protection et 300 livres de rente à chaque comédien, rente qui ne fut, paraît-il, jamais payée. Elle s’appela dès lors : « troupe de [Monsieur](https://bliptext.com/articles/philippe-de-france-1640-1701), frère unique du [Roi](https://bliptext.com/articles/louis-xiv-de-france) ». --->

Paris

In 1680, by order of Louis XIV of France, the troupe at the Hôtel de Bourgogne merged into those already gathered by Molière and the Théâtre du Marais. The larger company allowed daily shows, and even to play to the court and to the city on the same day. Thus the Comédie-Française was born.

Actors

By date of joining the troupe:

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Repertoire

The company's repertoire was not mainly comic. In 1659, its first full year based in Paris, it put on (grouped by genre) the following plays, seemingly its provincial repertoire too:

Tragedy

It is notable there are more tragedies than comedies in the repertoire.

Tragi-comedy

Comedy

Farce

It is also noteworthy that there are only three works by Molière himself in the company's repertoire at this point, though by 1673 30 of its 90 play repertoire were by him (many inspired by the comedies above).

Sources

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