"Mná na hÉireann" is a poem written by Irish poet Peadar Ó Doirnín (1700–1769), most famous as a song, and especially since set to an air composed by Seán Ó Riada (1931–1971). Peadar Ó Doirnín lived in Forkhill in south Armagh, Ireland and is buried in Urnaí graveyard nearby in County Louth. He is best known for his song 'Úrchnoc Chéin Mhic Cáinte'. It was the editor of an anthology of his poems (1969), Dr. Breandan Ó Buachalla who gave the lyrics its title 'Mná na hÉireann'.

Poem

Tá bean in Éirinn a phronnfadh séad domh is mo sháith le n-ól Is tá bean in Éirinn is ba bhinne léithe mo ráfla ceoil Ná seinm théad; atá bean in Éirinn is níorbh fhearr léi beo Mise ag léimnigh nó leagtha i gcré is mo thárr faoi fhód Tá bean in Éirinn a bheadh ag éad liom mur' bhfaighfinn ach póg Ó bhean ar aonach, nach ait an scéala, is mo dháimh féin leo; Tá bean ab fhearr liom nó cath is céad dhíobh nach bhfagham go deo Is tá cailín spéiriúil ag fear gan Bhéarla, dubhghránna cróin. Tá bean i Laighnibh is nios mhiste léithe bheith láimh liom ar bord, Is tá bean i bhFearnmhaigh a ghéabhadh bhéarsai is is sárbhinne glór, Bhí bean ar thaobh cnoic i gCarraig Éamoinn a níodh gáire ag ól Is tráth bhí ina maighdean ní mise d'éignigh dá chois ó chomhar. Tá bean a leaghfadh, nífeadh is d'fhuaifeadh cáimric is sról, Is tá bean a dhéanfadh de dh'olainn gréas is thairnfeadh an bhró Tá bean is b'fhearr leí ag cruinniú déirce nó cráite re cró Is tá bean 'na ndéidh uile a luífeadh lé fear is a máthair faoi fhód Tá bean a déarnadh an iomad tréanais is grá Dia mór, Is tá bean nach mbéarfadh a mionna ar aon mhodh is nach n-ardódh glór; Ach thaisbeáin saorbhean a ghlacfadh lé fear go cráifeach cóir Nach mairfeadh a ghléas is nach mbainfeadh léithe i gcás ar domhan. Tá bean a déarfadh dá siulfainn léi go bhfaighinn an t-ór, Is tá bean 'na léine is fearr a méin ná táinte bó Le bean a bhuairfeadh Baile an Mhaoir is clár Thír Eoghain, Is ní fheicim leigheas ar mo ghalar féin ach scaird a dh'ól

Context

The verses most often performed by modern singers are the first two and the last. The song has been sung largely out of context by the majority of singers. While normally sung as praise of, or in solidarity with, women, Oriel song academic and Ó Doirnín expert Dr. Pádraigín Ní Uallacháin has pointed out that the lyrics disparage women and refer to the rape of a young virgin in a derogatory and offensive manner. In referring to various types of women and their availability, or otherwise, to the poet, he refers to a woman from his own locality near Forkhill, County Armagh: There was a woman from the mountainside of Carrickedmond who used to laugh when she was drunk, Once was a virgin, it wasn’t me Who forcibly spread her two legs apart. It is accepted that most singers who have recorded this song did not fully understand the lyrics due to inaccurate translations, the exclusion of verses in previous recordings or the lack of understanding of the nuances and metaphorical usage of Irish language terminology. Ní Uallacháin's 2023 translation and reference notes below reveals the true meaning of the lyrics.

Ní Uallacháin translation (2023)

Mná na hÉireann There’s a woman in Ireland who would bestow a charm on me or plenty to drink And there’s a woman in Ireland and my gossiping song would be sweeter to her Than harp music; there’s a woman in Ireland who would prefer nothing more Than me to be mating, rather than my lower belly under the sod There’s a woman in Ireland who would be jealous of me if I were only to get a kiss From a woman at the fair, how odd is that, and me inclined to them both; There’s a woman I’d prefer than a battalion and a hundred women that I’ll never have And an ugly black-nosed man with no English has a pretty girl There’s a woman in Leinster who wouldn’t mind being in hand along with me And there’s a woman in Farney who would recite verses with the sweetest of voice There was a woman on the side of a hill in Carrickedmond who used to laugh when she drank Once was a virgin, it wasn’t me who forced (raped) her two legs apart. There’s a woman who would soak, wash and sew cambric and satin And there’s a woman who would make as much knitted wool as would hide the swelling belly And there’s a woman who would rather go begging or tortured with offspring (?), And there’s a woman who after all that would lie with a man and her mother dead. There’s a woman who would do too much abstinence and too much God loving And there’s a woman who wouldn’t swear in any way or raise her voice; But one fine woman who would receive a man piously and with propriety Showed that his 'instrument' wouldn’t sustain it, so wouldn’t meddle with her under any circumstance. There’s a woman who says that if I were to court her I’d get the gold; And there’s a woman in her shift and her beauty is worth more than herds of cattle Of the woman who would disturb Ballymoyer and the plains of Tyrone. And there’s no cure for my disease but a slug of drink.

Translations in song

Michael Davitt translation

This translation (of the same three verses) is by Michael Davitt. Davitt plays with the second couplet of each verse, reversing the meaning and turning the poem into the song of a womanising drunkard, who favours no particular woman (second verse), resorts to drink instead of avoiding it (third verse—though this may be ironic in the original), and whom his lover wants dead (first verse). Mná na hÉireann There's a woman in Erin who'd give me shelter and my fill of ale; There's a woman in Ireland who'd prefer my strains to strings being played; There's a woman in Eirinn and nothing would please her more Than to see me burning or in a grave lying cold. There's a woman in Eirinn who'd be mad with envy if I was kissed By another on fair-day, they have strange ways, but I love them all; There are women I'll always adore, battalions of women and more And there's this sensuous beauty and she shackled to an ugly boar. There's a woman who promised if I'd wander with her I'd find some gold A woman in night dress with a loveliness worth more than the woman Who vexed Ballymoyer and the plain of Tyrone; And the only cure for my pain I'm sure is the ale-house down the road.

Kate Bush translation

This is the translation performed by Kate Bush on the album Common Ground – Voices of Modern Irish Music. No translator is given, but the song is credited as arranged by Bush with Dónal Lunny and Fiachra Trench. Mná na hÉireann There's a woman in Ireland who'd give me a gem and my fill to drink, There's a woman in Ireland to whom my singing is sweeter than the music of strings There's a woman in Ireland who would much prefer me leaping Than laid in the clay and my belly under the sod There's a woman in Ireland who'd envy me if I got naught but a kiss From a woman at a fair, isn't it strange, and the love I have for them There's a woman I'd prefer to a battalion, and a hundred of them whom I will never get And an ugly, swarthy man with no English has a beautiful girl There's a woman who would say that if I walked with her I'd get the gold And there's the woman of the shirt whose mien is better than herds of cows With a woman who would deafen Baile an Mhaoir and the plain of Tyrone And I see no cure for my disease but to drink a torrent

Recordings

Use in film and television

"Women of Ireland" has been used in various film and television productions.