Mistaken Island is an island located approximately 5 km south-east of Albany, Western Australia. Located in King George Sound the island is located approximately 120 m from Vancouver peninsula. There is evidence that shore-based bay whaling activities were conducted on the island in the 19th century. In 1971, the island was declared as a class 1A Nature Reserve with a total area of 12 ha. The area adjacent to the island is used to cultivate mussels on long lines on licenses issued by the Department of fisheries and leases issued by the Albany Port Authority.

Little penguin colony

The island received its name for the little penguin (Eudyptula minor) burrows which were mistaken for rabbit holes and the island has also been historically referred to as Rabbit Island. In 1936 and 1938, the penguins of Mistaken Island became victims of deliberately lit fires. Following the latter event, some were discovered with their feet "burned off". As of 2011, the penguin colony on Mistaken Island is the subject of scientific study.