In the Soviet Union, a military district (, voyenny okrug) was a territorial association of military units, formations, military schools, and various local military administrative establishments known as military commissariats. This territorial division type was utilised in the USSR to provide a more efficient management of army units, their training and other operations activities related to combat readiness. First military districts in the USSR begun with the formation of the first six military districts (Yaroslavsky, Moskovsky, Orlovsky, Belomorsky, Uralsky, and Privolzhsky) on 31 March 1918 during the Russian Civil War to prepare substantial army reserves for the front. The next reform did not take place until the economic reforms (NEP) of 1923 which concluded in 1929. At this time the military districts in the Russian Soviet Republic still conformed to the gubernyas and oblasts of the Russian Empire, with the exception of the other republics each of which constituted a military district in their own right.

[Military districts of the Soviet Union, 1989 {{legend|#D26AFF|Baltic Military District}}{{legend|#FF8080|Belorussian Military District}}{{legend|#33CC99|Carpathian Military District}}{{legend|#D6A477|Central Asian Military District}}{{legend|#FF7F2A|Far Eastern Military District}}{{legend|#6F7C91|Kiev Military District}}{{legend|#78B3FF|Leningrad Military District}}{{legend|#9955FF|Moscow Military District}}{{legend|#71C837|North Caucasus Military District}}{{legend|#D3BC5F|Odessa Military District}}{{legend|#B3FF80|Siberian Military District}}{{legend|#50C8FF|Transbaikal Military District}}{{legend|#FFDD55|Transcaucasian Military District}}{{legend|#FF5599|Turkestan Military District}}{{legend|#FEC82C|Ural Military District}}{{legend|#AC939D|Volga Military District|undefined | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Soviet///Military///Districts.svg]

Abbreviation of military districts

Abbreviation of 17 military districts of the USSR at the beginning July 1940: ZapOVO – Western Special military district Formations in the territory of Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krai were combined into the 1st and 2nd independent Red Banner Armies, which since January 14, 1941 were reformed into the Far Eastern Front.

World War II

The number of military districts varied depending on the circumstances and with the evolution of the Soviet Army. Before the eastern campaign of 1941–45, there were 16 military districts and one front although this number fluctuated and as many as 25 military districts existed at different time before the war. North and North Western districts West and Central USSR districts South and South Western districts Siberian and Central Asian districts Far Eastern districts Right after the war, the number was increased to 35 to aid in demobilisation of forces, but by October 1946, they had been reduced to 21.

Cold War era

At the end of the 1980s, immediately before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, there were sixteen military districts, within three to five main groupings: