{"history":[],"article":{"id":"326a37b8-64f5-4c47-b0c2-8b8772d933c4","title":"MathML","slug":"mathml","content":":::summary\n**Title:** MathML \n**Long Name:** Mathematical Markup Language \n**Native Name:** Mathematical Markup Language · ISO/IEC 40314 \n**Native Name Lang:** en \n**Status:** W3C Recommendation \n**First Published:** April 1998 \n**Version:** 3.0 \n**Version Date:** April 10, 2014 \n**Organization:** [W3C](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-wide-web-consortium), [ISO](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-organization-for-standardization), [IEC](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-electrotechnical-commission) \n**Committee:** W3C Math Working Group · ISO/IEC JTC 1 \n**Editors:** David Carlisle · Patrick Ion · Robert Miner · Frédéric Wang \n**Authors:** Principal authors \n**Website:** W3C: https://www.w3.org/TR/MathML/ · ISO: https://www.iso.org/standard/58439.html \n**Base Standards:** [XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml) \n**Related Standards:** [OpenMath](https://bliptext.com/articles/openmath), [Office Open XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/office-open-xml), OMDoc \n**Abbreviation:** MathML \n:::\n\n# \n**Mathematical Markup Language** (**MathML**) is a [mathematical markup language](https://bliptext.com/articles/[mathematical](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathematics)-markup-language), an application of [XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml) for describing [mathematical](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathematics) notations and capturing both its structure and content, and is one of a number of [mathematical markup language](https://bliptext.com/articles/[mathematical](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathematics)-markup-language)s.\nIts aim is to natively integrate mathematical formulae into [World Wide Web](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-wide-web) pages and other documents.\nIt is part of [HTML5](https://bliptext.com/articles/html5) and standardised by [ISO](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-organization-for-standardization)/IEC since 2015.\n\n# History\nFollowing some experiments in the [Arena browser](https://bliptext.com/articles/arena-browser) based on proposals for mathematical markup in HTML, MathML 1 was released as a [W3C](https://bliptext.com/articles/w3c) recommendation in April 1998 as the first [XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml) language to be recommended by the [W3C](https://bliptext.com/articles/w3c).\nVersion 1.01 of the format was released in July 1999 and version 2.0 appeared in February 2001.\nImplementations of the specification appeared in [Amaya 1.1](https://bliptext.com/articles/amaya-web-editor), [Mozilla 1.0](https://bliptext.com/articles/mozilla-firefox) and [Opera 9.5](https://bliptext.com/articles/opera-9-5).\nIn October 2003, the second edition of MathML Version 2.0 was published as the final release by the [W3C Math Working Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-wide-web-consortium).\nMathML was originally designed before the finalization of [XML namespaces](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml-namespace).\nHowever, it was assigned a namespace immediately after the Namespace Recommendation was completed, and for XML use, the elements should be in the namespace with namespace URL http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML .\nWhen MathML is used in HTML (as opposed to XML) this namespace is automatically inferred by the HTML parser and need not be specified in the document.\n\n## MathML version 3\nVersion 3 of the MathML specification was released as a [W3C recommendation](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-wide-web-consortium) on 20 October 2010.\nA recommendation of A MathML for CSS Profile was later released on 7 June 2011; this is a subset of MathML suitable for CSS formatting.\nAnother subset, Strict Content MathML, provides a subset of content MathML with a uniform structure and is designed to be compatible with [OpenMath](https://bliptext.com/articles/openmath).\nOther content elements are defined in terms of a transformation to the strict subset.\nNew content elements include which associates bound variables to expressions, for example a summation index.\nThe new element allows structure sharing.\nThe development of MathML 3.0 went through a number of stages.\nIn June 2006, the W3C rechartered the MathML Working Group to produce a MathML 3 Recommendation until February 2008, and in November 2008 extended the charter to April 2010.\nA sixth Working Draft of the MathML 3 revision was published in June 2009.\nOn 10 August 2010 version 3 graduated to become a \"Proposed Recommendation\" rather than a draft.\nAn implementation of MathML 2 landed in [WebKit](https://bliptext.com/articles/webkit) around this same time, with a [Chromium](https://bliptext.com/articles/chromium-web-browser) implementation following a couple of years later, although that implementation was removed from [Chromium](https://bliptext.com/articles/chromium-web-browser) after less than a year.\nThe Second Edition of MathML 3.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation on 10 April 2014.\nThe specification was approved as an [ISO/IEC](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-electrotechnical-commission) international standard 40314:2015 on 23 June 2015.\nAlso in 2015, the MathML Association was founded to support the adoption of the MathML standard.\nAt that time, according to a member of the [MathJax](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathjax) team, none of the major browser makers paid any of their developers for any MathML-rendering work; whatever support existed was overwhelmingly the result of unpaid volunteer time/work.\n\n## MathML Core\nIn August 2021, a new specification called MathML Core was published, described as the “core subset of Mathematical Markup Language, or MathML, that is suitable for browser implementation.” MathML Core set itself apart from MathML 3.0 by including detailed rendering rules and integration with [CSS](https://bliptext.com/articles/css), automated browser support testing resources, and focusing on a fundamental subset of MathML.\nAn implementation was added to Chromium at the beginning of 2023.\n\n# Presentation and semantics\nMathML deals not only with the presentation but also the meaning of formula components (the latter part of MathML is known as \"Content MathML\").\nBecause the meaning of the equation is preserved separate from the presentation, how the content is communicated can be left up to the user.\nFor example, web pages with MathML embedded in them can be viewed as normal web pages with many browsers, but visually impaired users can also have the same MathML read to them through the use of [screen readers](https://bliptext.com/articles/screen-readers) (e.g. using the [VoiceOver](https://bliptext.com/articles/voiceover) in [Safari](https://bliptext.com/articles/safari-web-browser)).\n[JAWS](https://bliptext.com/articles/jaws-screen-reader) from version 16 onward supports MathML voicing as well as braille output.\nThe quality of rendering of MathML in a browser depends on the installed fonts.\nThe [STIX Fonts project](https://bliptext.com/articles/stix-fonts-project) have released a comprehensive set of mathematical fonts under an open license.\nThe [Cambria Math](https://bliptext.com/articles/cambria-math) font supplied with Microsoft Windows had slightly more limited support.\nA valid MathML document typically consists of the XML declaration, [DOCTYPE](https://bliptext.com/articles/document-type-declaration) declaration, and document element.\nThe document body then contains MathML expressions which appear in elements as needed in the document.\nOften, MathML will be embedded in more general documents, such as [HTML](https://bliptext.com/articles/html), [DocBook](https://bliptext.com/articles/docbook), or other [XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml)-based formats.\n\n## Presentation MathML\nPresentation MathML focuses on the display of an equation, and has about 30 elements.\nThe elements' names all begin with m. A Presentation MathML expression is built up out of tokens that are combined using higher-level elements, which control their layout.\nFiner details of presentation are affected by close to 50 attributes.\nToken elements generally only contain characters (not other elements).\nThey include:\nNote, however, that these token elements may be used as extension points, allowing markup in host languages.\nMathML in [HTML5](https://bliptext.com/articles/html5) allows most inline HTML markup in mtext, and non zero is conforming, with the HTML markup being used within the MathML to mark up the embedded text (making the first word bold in this example).\nThese are combined using layout elements, that generally contain only elements.\nThey include:\nAs usual in HTML and XML, many [entities](https://bliptext.com/articles/character-entity-reference) are available for specifying special symbols by name, such as π and →.\nAn interesting feature of MathML is that entities also exist to express normally-invisible operators, such as ⁢ (or the shorthand ⁢) for implicit multiplication.\nThey are:\nThe full specification of MathML entities is closely coordinated with the corresponding specifications for use with HTML and XML in general.\nThus, the expression a x^2+b x+c requires two layout elements: one to create the overall horizontal row and one for the superscripted exponent.\nHowever, the individual tokens also have to be identified as identifiers (), operators (), or numbers ().\nAdding the token markup, the full form ends up as\nA complete document that consists of just the MathML example above, is shown here:\n\n## Content MathML\nContent MathML focuses on the semantics, or meaning, of the expression rather than its layout.\nCentral to Content MathML is the element that represents function application.\nThe function being applied is the first child element under, and its operands or parameters are the remaining child elements.\nContent MathML uses only a few attributes.\nTokens such as identifiers and numbers are individually marked up, much as for Presentation MathML, but with elements such as and .\nRather than being merely another type of token, operators are represented by specific elements, whose mathematical semantics are known to MathML:, , etc. There are over a hundred different elements for different functions and operators.\nFor example, x represents \\sin(x) and x5 represents x+5.\nThe elements representing operators and functions are empty elements, because their operands are the other elements under the containing.\nThe expression a x^2+b x+c could be represented as\nContent MathML is nearly [isomorphic](https://bliptext.com/articles/isomorphic) to [expressions](https://bliptext.com/articles/binary-expression-tree) in a [functional language](https://bliptext.com/articles/functional-programming) such as [Scheme](https://bliptext.com/articles/scheme-programming-language) and other dialects of [Lisp](https://bliptext.com/articles/lisp-programming-language).\n... amounts to Scheme's (...), and the many operator and function elements amount to Scheme functions.\nWith this trivial literal transformation, plus un-tagging the individual tokens, the example above becomes:\nThis reflects the long-known close relationship between XML element structures, and [LISP](https://bliptext.com/articles/lisp-programming-language) or Scheme [S-expressions](https://bliptext.com/articles/s-expressions).\n\n### Wikidata annotation in Content MathML\nAccording to the OM Society, OpenMath Content Dictionaries can be employed as collections of symbols and identifiers with declarations of their semantics – names, descriptions and rules.\nA 2018 paper presented at the [SIGIR](https://bliptext.com/articles/special-interest-group-on-information-retrieval) conference proposed that the semantic knowledge base [Wikidata](https://bliptext.com/articles/wikidata) could be used as an OpenMath Content Dictionary to link semantic elements of a mathematical formula to unique and language-independent [Wikidata](https://bliptext.com/articles/wikidata) items.\n\n# Example\nThe well-known [quadratic formula](https://bliptext.com/articles/quadratic-formula) could be represented in Presentation MathML as an expression tree made up from layout elements like or :\nThis example uses the element, which can be used to embed a semantic annotation in non-XML format, for example to store the formula in the format used by an equation editor such as [StarMath](https://bliptext.com/articles/starmath) or the markup using [LaTeX](https://bliptext.com/articles/latex) syntax.\nThe encoding field is usually a [MIME type](https://bliptext.com/articles/mime-type), although most of the equation encodings don't have such a registration; freeform text may be used in such cases.\nAlthough less compact than other formats, the XML structuring of MathML makes its content widely usable and accessible, allows near-instant display in applications such as [web browsers](https://bliptext.com/articles/web-browser), and facilitates an interpretation of its meaning in mathematical software products.\nMathML is not intended to be written or edited directly by humans.\n\n# Embedding MathML in HTML/XHTML files\nMathML, being XML, can be embedded inside other XML files such as [XHTML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xhtml) files using XML namespaces.\nInline MathML is also supported in [HTML5](https://bliptext.com/articles/html5) files.\nThere is no need to specify namespaces as there was in [XHTML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xhtml).\n# [A rendering of the formula for a circle in MathML+XHTML using Firefox 22 on Mac OS X | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/MathMLxhtml.png]\n\n# Other standards\nAnother standard called [OpenMath](https://bliptext.com/articles/openmath) that has been more specifically designed (largely by the same people who devised Content MathML) for storing formulae semantically can be used to complement MathML.\nOpenMath data can be embedded in MathML using the element.\nOpenMath content dictionaries can be used to define the meaning of elements.\nThe following would define P1(x) to be the first [Legendre polynomial](https://bliptext.com/articles/legendre-polynomial):\nThe [OMDoc](https://bliptext.com/articles/omdoc) format has been created for markup of larger mathematical structures than formulae, from statements like definitions, theorems, proofs, and examples, to complete theories and even entire text books.\nFormulae in OMDoc documents can either be written in Content MathML or in OpenMath; for presentation, they are converted to Presentation MathML.\nThe [ISO](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-organization-for-standardization)/[IEC](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-electrotechnical-commission) standard [Office Open XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/office-open-xml) (OOXML) defines a different XML math syntax, derived from [Microsoft Office](https://bliptext.com/articles/microsoft-office) products.\nHowever, it is partially compatible through [XSL Transformations](https://bliptext.com/articles/xsl-transformations).\n\n## Specifications","current_revision":null,"created_by":"kACnuQmH5k9Nr5VNVEpVeg7XpvUmMctD","created_at":"2025-01-25T17:37:18.241Z","updated_at":"2025-01-25T17:37:18.241Z","search_vector":"'mathml':1","search_content":" \n**Title:** MathML \n**Long Name:** Mathematical Markup Language \n**Native Name:** Mathematical Markup Language · ISO/IEC 40314 \n**Native Name Lang:** en \n**Status:** W3C Recommendation \n**First Published:** April 1998 \n**Version:** 3.0 \n**Version Date:** April 10, 2014 \n**Organization:** [W3C](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-wide-web-consortium), [ISO](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-organization-for-standardization), [IEC](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-electrotechnical-commission) \n**Committee:** W3C Math Working Group · ISO/IEC JTC 1 \n**Editors:** David Carlisle · Patrick Ion · Robert Miner · Frédéric Wang \n**Authors:** Principal authors \n**Website:** W3C: https://www.w3.org/TR/MathML/ · ISO: https://www.iso.org/standard/58439.html \n**Base Standards:** [XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml) \n**Related Standards:** [OpenMath](https://bliptext.com/articles/openmath), [Office Open XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/office-open-xml), OMDoc \n**Abbreviation:** MathML \n \n\n# \n**Mathematical Markup Language** (**MathML**) is a [[mathematical](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathematics) markup language](https://bliptext.com/articles/[mathematical](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathematics)-markup-language), an application of [XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml) for describing [mathematical](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathematics) notations and capturing both its structure and content, and is one of a number of [[mathematical](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathematics) markup language](https://bliptext.com/articles/[mathematical](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathematics)-markup-language)s.\nIts aim is to natively integrate mathematical formulae into [World Wide Web](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-wide-web) pages and other documents.\nIt is part of [HTML5](https://bliptext.com/articles/html5) and standardised by [ISO](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-organization-for-standardization)/IEC since 2015.\n\n# History\nFollowing some experiments in the [Arena browser](https://bliptext.com/articles/arena-browser) based on proposals for mathematical markup in HTML, MathML 1 was released as a [W3C](https://bliptext.com/articles/w3c) recommendation in April 1998 as the first [XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml) language to be recommended by the [W3C](https://bliptext.com/articles/w3c).\nVersion 1.01 of the format was released in July 1999 and version 2.0 appeared in February 2001.\nImplementations of the specification appeared in [Amaya 1.1](https://bliptext.com/articles/amaya-web-editor), [Mozilla 1.0](https://bliptext.com/articles/mozilla-firefox) and [Opera 9.5](https://bliptext.com/articles/opera-9-5).\nIn October 2003, the second edition of MathML Version 2.0 was published as the final release by the [W3C Math Working Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-wide-web-consortium).\nMathML was originally designed before the finalization of [XML namespaces](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml-namespace).\nHowever, it was assigned a namespace immediately after the Namespace Recommendation was completed, and for XML use, the elements should be in the namespace with namespace URL http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML .\nWhen MathML is used in HTML (as opposed to XML) this namespace is automatically inferred by the HTML parser and need not be specified in the document.\n\n## MathML version 3\nVersion 3 of the MathML specification was released as a [W3C recommendation](https://bliptext.com/articles/world-wide-web-consortium) on 20 October 2010.\nA recommendation of A MathML for CSS Profile was later released on 7 June 2011; this is a subset of MathML suitable for CSS formatting.\nAnother subset, Strict Content MathML, provides a subset of content MathML with a uniform structure and is designed to be compatible with [OpenMath](https://bliptext.com/articles/openmath).\nOther content elements are defined in terms of a transformation to the strict subset.\nNew content elements include which associates bound variables to expressions, for example a summation index.\nThe new element allows structure sharing.\nThe development of MathML 3.0 went through a number of stages.\nIn June 2006, the W3C rechartered the MathML Working Group to produce a MathML 3 Recommendation until February 2008, and in November 2008 extended the charter to April 2010.\nA sixth Working Draft of the MathML 3 revision was published in June 2009.\nOn 10 August 2010 version 3 graduated to become a \"Proposed Recommendation\" rather than a draft.\nAn implementation of MathML 2 landed in [WebKit](https://bliptext.com/articles/webkit) around this same time, with a [Chromium](https://bliptext.com/articles/chromium-web-browser) implementation following a couple of years later, although that implementation was removed from [Chromium](https://bliptext.com/articles/chromium-web-browser) after less than a year.\nThe Second Edition of MathML 3.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation on 10 April 2014.\nThe specification was approved as an [ISO/IEC](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-electrotechnical-commission) international standard 40314:2015 on 23 June 2015.\nAlso in 2015, the MathML Association was founded to support the adoption of the MathML standard.\nAt that time, according to a member of the [MathJax](https://bliptext.com/articles/mathjax) team, none of the major browser makers paid any of their developers for any MathML-rendering work; whatever support existed was overwhelmingly the result of unpaid volunteer time/work.\n\n## MathML Core\nIn August 2021, a new specification called MathML Core was published, described as the “core subset of Mathematical Markup Language, or MathML, that is suitable for browser implementation.” MathML Core set itself apart from MathML 3.0 by including detailed rendering rules and integration with [CSS](https://bliptext.com/articles/css), automated browser support testing resources, and focusing on a fundamental subset of MathML.\nAn implementation was added to Chromium at the beginning of 2023.\n\n# Presentation and semantics\nMathML deals not only with the presentation but also the meaning of formula components (the latter part of MathML is known as \"Content MathML\").\nBecause the meaning of the equation is preserved separate from the presentation, how the content is communicated can be left up to the user.\nFor example, web pages with MathML embedded in them can be viewed as normal web pages with many browsers, but visually impaired users can also have the same MathML read to them through the use of [screen readers](https://bliptext.com/articles/screen-readers) (e.g. using the [VoiceOver](https://bliptext.com/articles/voiceover) in [Safari](https://bliptext.com/articles/safari-web-browser)).\n[JAWS](https://bliptext.com/articles/jaws-screen-reader) from version 16 onward supports MathML voicing as well as braille output.\nThe quality of rendering of MathML in a browser depends on the installed fonts.\nThe [STIX Fonts project](https://bliptext.com/articles/stix-fonts-project) have released a comprehensive set of mathematical fonts under an open license.\nThe [Cambria Math](https://bliptext.com/articles/cambria-math) font supplied with Microsoft Windows had slightly more limited support.\nA valid MathML document typically consists of the XML declaration, [DOCTYPE](https://bliptext.com/articles/document-type-declaration) declaration, and document element.\nThe document body then contains MathML expressions which appear in elements as needed in the document.\nOften, MathML will be embedded in more general documents, such as [HTML](https://bliptext.com/articles/html), [DocBook](https://bliptext.com/articles/docbook), or other [XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xml)-based formats.\n\n## Presentation MathML\nPresentation MathML focuses on the display of an equation, and has about 30 elements.\nThe elements' names all begin with m. A Presentation MathML expression is built up out of tokens that are combined using higher-level elements, which control their layout.\nFiner details of presentation are affected by close to 50 attributes.\nToken elements generally only contain characters (not other elements).\nThey include:\nNote, however, that these token elements may be used as extension points, allowing markup in host languages.\nMathML in [HTML5](https://bliptext.com/articles/html5) allows most inline HTML markup in mtext, and non zero is conforming, with the HTML markup being used within the MathML to mark up the embedded text (making the first word bold in this example).\nThese are combined using layout elements, that generally contain only elements.\nThey include:\nAs usual in HTML and XML, many [entities](https://bliptext.com/articles/character-entity-reference) are available for specifying special symbols by name, such as π and →.\nAn interesting feature of MathML is that entities also exist to express normally-invisible operators, such as ⁢ (or the shorthand ⁢) for implicit multiplication.\nThey are:\nThe full specification of MathML entities is closely coordinated with the corresponding specifications for use with HTML and XML in general.\nThus, the expression a x^2+b x+c requires two layout elements: one to create the overall horizontal row and one for the superscripted exponent.\nHowever, the individual tokens also have to be identified as identifiers ( ), operators ( ), or numbers ( ).\nAdding the token markup, the full form ends up as\nA complete document that consists of just the MathML example above, is shown here:\n\n## Content MathML\nContent MathML focuses on the semantics, or meaning, of the expression rather than its layout.\nCentral to Content MathML is the element that represents function application.\nThe function being applied is the first child element under, and its operands or parameters are the remaining child elements.\nContent MathML uses only a few attributes.\nTokens such as identifiers and numbers are individually marked up, much as for Presentation MathML, but with elements such as and .\nRather than being merely another type of token, operators are represented by specific elements, whose mathematical semantics are known to MathML:, , etc. There are over a hundred different elements for different functions and operators.\nFor example, x represents \\sin(x) and x 5 represents x+5.\nThe elements representing operators and functions are empty elements, because their operands are the other elements under the containing.\nThe expression a x^2+b x+c could be represented as\nContent MathML is nearly [isomorphic](https://bliptext.com/articles/isomorphic) to [expressions](https://bliptext.com/articles/binary-expression-tree) in a [functional language](https://bliptext.com/articles/functional-programming) such as [Scheme](https://bliptext.com/articles/scheme-programming-language) and other dialects of [Lisp](https://bliptext.com/articles/lisp-programming-language).\n... amounts to Scheme's (...), and the many operator and function elements amount to Scheme functions.\nWith this trivial literal transformation, plus un-tagging the individual tokens, the example above becomes:\nThis reflects the long-known close relationship between XML element structures, and [LISP](https://bliptext.com/articles/lisp-programming-language) or Scheme [S-expressions](https://bliptext.com/articles/s-expressions).\n\n### Wikidata annotation in Content MathML\nAccording to the OM Society, OpenMath Content Dictionaries can be employed as collections of symbols and identifiers with declarations of their semantics – names, descriptions and rules.\nA 2018 paper presented at the [SIGIR](https://bliptext.com/articles/special-interest-group-on-information-retrieval) conference proposed that the semantic knowledge base [Wikidata](https://bliptext.com/articles/wikidata) could be used as an OpenMath Content Dictionary to link semantic elements of a mathematical formula to unique and language-independent [Wikidata](https://bliptext.com/articles/wikidata) items.\n\n# Example\nThe well-known [quadratic formula](https://bliptext.com/articles/quadratic-formula) could be represented in Presentation MathML as an expression tree made up from layout elements like or :\nThis example uses the element, which can be used to embed a semantic annotation in non-XML format, for example to store the formula in the format used by an equation editor such as [StarMath](https://bliptext.com/articles/starmath) or the markup using [LaTeX](https://bliptext.com/articles/latex) syntax.\nThe encoding field is usually a [MIME type](https://bliptext.com/articles/mime-type), although most of the equation encodings don't have such a registration; freeform text may be used in such cases.\nAlthough less compact than other formats, the XML structuring of MathML makes its content widely usable and accessible, allows near-instant display in applications such as [web browsers](https://bliptext.com/articles/web-browser), and facilitates an interpretation of its meaning in mathematical software products.\nMathML is not intended to be written or edited directly by humans.\n\n# Embedding MathML in HTML/XHTML files\nMathML, being XML, can be embedded inside other XML files such as [XHTML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xhtml) files using XML namespaces.\nInline MathML is also supported in [HTML5](https://bliptext.com/articles/html5) files.\nThere is no need to specify namespaces as there was in [XHTML](https://bliptext.com/articles/xhtml).\n# [A rendering of the formula for a circle in MathML+XHTML using Firefox 22 on Mac OS X | upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/MathMLxhtml.png]\n\n# Other standards\nAnother standard called [OpenMath](https://bliptext.com/articles/openmath) that has been more specifically designed (largely by the same people who devised Content MathML) for storing formulae semantically can be used to complement MathML.\nOpenMath data can be embedded in MathML using the element.\nOpenMath content dictionaries can be used to define the meaning of elements.\nThe following would define P1(x) to be the first [Legendre polynomial](https://bliptext.com/articles/legendre-polynomial):\nThe [OMDoc](https://bliptext.com/articles/omdoc) format has been created for markup of larger mathematical structures than formulae, from statements like definitions, theorems, proofs, and examples, to complete theories and even entire text books.\nFormulae in OMDoc documents can either be written in Content MathML or in OpenMath; for presentation, they are converted to Presentation MathML.\nThe [ISO](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-organization-for-standardization)/[IEC](https://bliptext.com/articles/international-electrotechnical-commission) standard [Office Open XML](https://bliptext.com/articles/office-open-xml) (OOXML) defines a different XML math syntax, derived from [Microsoft Office](https://bliptext.com/articles/microsoft-office) products.\nHowever, it is partially compatible through [XSL Transformations](https://bliptext.com/articles/xsl-transformations).\n\n## Specifications","revisionCount":0},"hasMore":false,"nextCursor":null}