Madiun is a city in the western part of East Java, Indonesia, known for its agricultural center. The city has been administratively separate from the surrounding Madiun Regency since the formation of the two bodies in 1950, but the city remained the seat of the regency administration until 2010. Madiun is commonly known as "Kota Gadis", which is an acronym for "Trading, Education and Industrial City" in Indonesian and sometimes known as Milaan van Java in Dutch language. Madiun, located 169 km southwest of Surabaya and 38 km southeast of Ngawi, covers an area of 33.23 km2, and had a population of 170,964 at the 2010 Census and 195,175 at the 2020 Census; the latest official estimate (as of mid 2023) is 202,544 (comprising 99,319 males and 103,225 females). This city is an average of 63 m above sea level and lies on the Madiun River, a tributary of the Bengawan Solo River. It is surrounded by a number of mountains, including Mount Wilis (2,169 m) to the east, to the south the Kapur Selatan range (500 - 1000 m) and to the west Mount Lawu (3,285 m). Madiun has an average temperature of 20 - 35 C.

Administrative districts

The city is divided into three districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their population totals from the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates for mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (urban kelurahan) in each district, and its postal codes. The names of the kelurahan in each district are :

Madiun Affair

Madiun was the site of a noted uprising in 1948 by elements of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), the "Madiun Affair". After the signing of the Renville Agreement that year, guerrilla units and militias under the influence of PKI were ordered to disband. In Madiun a group of PKI militia refused to disarm and were killed in September. The killings sparked a violent uprising. Army sources claimed that the PKI had announced the proclamation of the "Soviet Republic of Indonesia" on 18 September with Musso as its president and Amir Sjarifuddin as its prime minister. The uprising was suppressed by republican troops. On 30 September, Madiun was taken over by republican troops of the Silwangi Division. Thousands of party cadres were killed and 36,000 were imprisoned. Amongst the executed PKi members were several leaders including Muso killed on 31 October, allegedly while trying to escape from prison. Other PKI leaders such as D.N. Aidit went into exile in China.

Climate

Madiun has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from June to October and heavy rainfall from November to May.

Transportation

Madiun is served by Madiun railway station.