This is a list of South American animals extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. The list includes animal extinctions in the Galápagos, Falklands, and other islands near the continent. Extinct animals from the West Indies are covered in List of Antillian and Bermudan animals extinct in the Holocene. Extinctions from Easter Island, a territory of Chile in Polynesia, are covered in the List of Oceanian species extinct in the Holocene. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.

Mammals (class Mammalia)

Opossums (order Didelphimorphia)

Opossums (family Didelphidae)

Possibly extinct

Armadillos, pampatheres, and glyptodonts (order Cingulata)

Long-nosed armadillos (family Dasypodidae)

Chlamyphorid armadillos and glyptodonts (family Chlamyphoridae)

Pachyarmatheres (family Pachyarmatheriidae)

Pampatheres (family Pampatheriidae)

Anteaters and sloths (order Pilosa)

Megalonychid ground sloths (family Megalonychidae)

Giant ground sloths (family Megatheriidae)

Mylodonts (family Mylodontidae)

Scelidotherid ground sloths (family Scelidotheriidae)

Nothrotheriid ground sloths (family Nothrotheriidae)

Elephant-like mammals (order Proboscidea)

Gomphotheres (family Gomphotheriidae)

Rodents (order Rodentia)

Cavies (family Caviidae)

Tuco-tucos (family Ctenomyidae)

Neotropical spiny rats (family Echimyidae)

Rock rats, degus, and viscacha rats (family Octodontidae)

Hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice (family Cricetidae)

Possibly extinct

Bats (order Chiroptera)

Leaf-nosed bats (family Phyllostomidae)

Carnivorans (order Carnivora)

Cats (family Felidae)

Dogs (family Canidae)

Bears (family Ursidae)

Earless seals (family Phocidae)

Notoungulates (order Notoungulata)

Toxodonts (family Toxodontidae)

Litopterns (order Litopterna)

Macrauchenids (family Macraucheniidae)

Odd-toed ungulates (order Perissodactyla)

Horses and allies (family Equidae)

Even-toed ungulates (order Artiodactyla)

Camels and llamas (family Camelidae)

Locally extinct

True deer (family Cervidae)

Birds (class Aves)

Landfowl (order Galliformes)

Chachalacas, guans, and curassows (family Cracidae)

Extinct in the wild

Waterfowl (order Anseriformes)

Ducks, geese, and swans (family Anatidae)

Grebes (order Podicipediformes)

Grebes (family Podicipedidae)

Nightjars (order Caprimulgiformes)

Typical nightjars (family Caprimulgidae)

Possibly extinct

Swifts, treeswifts, and hummingbirds (order Apodiformes)

Hummingbirds (family Trochillidae)

Possibly extinct

Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes)

Rails (family Rallidae)

Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes)

Sandpipers (family Scolopacidae)

Possibly extinct

Storks and allies (order Ciconiiformes)

Storks (family Ciconiidae)

New World vultures (order Cathartiformes)

New World vultures and condors (family Cathartidae)

Owls (order Strigiformes)

True owls (family Strigidae)

Possibly extinct

Parrots (order Psittaciformes)

Holotropical parrots (family Psittacidae)

Possibly extinct

Extinct in the wild

Perching birds (order Passeriformes)

Antpittas (family Grallariidae)

Possibly extinct

Ovenbirds (family Furnariidae)

Antbirds (family Thamnophilidae)

Possibly extinct

Tanagers (family Thraupidae)

Tyrant flycatchers (family Tyrannidae)

Reptiles (class Reptilia)

Turtles and tortoises (order Testudines)

Big-headed turtles (family Podocnemididae)

Tortoises (family Testudinidae)

Amphibians (class Amphibia)

Frogs (order Anura)

True toads (family Bufonidae)

Possibly extinct

Tree frogs and allies (family Hylidae)

Darwin's frogs (family Rhinodermatidae)

Possibly extinct

Rain frogs (family Strabomantidae)

Possibly extinct

Ray-finned fish (class Actinopterygii)

Catfishes (order Siluriformes)

Pencil catfishes (family Trichomycteridae)

Possibly extinct

Toothcarps (order Cyprinodontiformes)

Pupfishes (family Cyprinodontidae)

Possibly extinct

Ovalentaria incertae sedis

Family Pomacentridae

Possibly extinct

Starfishes (class Asteroidea)

Order Forcipulatida

Family Heliasteridae

Possibly extinct

Insects (class Insecta)

Beetles (order Coleoptera)

Predaceous diving beetles (family Dytiscidae)

Bark lice, book lice, and parasitic lice (order Psocodea)

Bird body lice (family Menoponidae)

Possibly extinct

Bird chewing lice (family Philopteridae)

Possibly extinct

Arachnids (class Arachnida)

Order Mesostigmata

Family Halarachnidae

Clitellates (class Clitellata)

Order Opisthopora

Family Glossoscolecidae

Possibly extinct

Slugs and snails (class Gastropoda)

Order Littorinimorpha

Family Cochliopidae

Order Stylommatophora

Family Odontostomidae

Family Strophocheilidae

Unassigned order

Family Hemisinidae

Extinct in the wild