Regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota) are the second-level administrative subdivision in Indonesia, immediately below the provinces, and above the districts. Regencies are roughly equivalent to American counties, although most cities in the United States are below the counties. Following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and city municipalities became the key administrative units responsible for providing most governmental services. Each of regencies and cities has their own local government and legislative body. The difference between a regency and a city lies in demography, size, and economy. Generally, a regency comprises a rural area larger than a city, but also often includes various towns. A city usually has non-agricultural economic activities. A regency is headed by a regent (bupati), while a city is headed by a mayor (wali kota). All regents, mayors, and members of legislatures are directly elected via elections to serve for a five-year term which can be renewed once. Each regency or city is divided further into districts more commonly known as kecamatan (except in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, where kapanewon and kemantren are used, and Western New Guinea (Papua), where distrik is used). An administrative city (kota administrasi) or an administrative regency (kabupaten administrasi) is a subdivision of province without its own local legislatures (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah). The leader of administrative city or administrative regency is directly appointed by the governor. This type of city and regency in Indonesia is only found in Jakarta which consisted of five administrative cities and one administrative regency. , there were 514-second-level administrative divisions (416 regencies and 98 cities) in Indonesia. The list below groups regencies and cities in Indonesia by provinces. Each regency has an administrative centre, the regency seat.

List of regencies and cities by province

Sumatra

Aceh

North Sumatra

West Sumatra

Jambi

Riau

Bengkulu

South Sumatra

Lampung

Bangka Belitung Islands

Riau Islands

Java

Special Capital Region of Jakarta

Banten

West Java

Central Java

East Java

Special Region of Yogyakarta

Lesser Sunda Islands

Bali

West Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara

Kalimantan

West Kalimantan

South Kalimantan

Central Kalimantan

East Kalimantan

North Kalimantan

Sulawesi

Gorontalo

South Sulawesi

West Sulawesi

Southeast Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi

North Sulawesi

Maluku Islands

Maluku

North Maluku

Western New Guinea

West Papua

Papua

Highland Papua

Central Papua

South Papua

Southwest Papua

Superlatives

Superlatives of cities can be found at Indonesian Wikipedia articles Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut jumlah penduduk and Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut luas wilayah. Although the least populated regency in Indonesia according to various sources is said to be Tana Tidung Regency in North Kalimantan, Supiori Regency in Papua is included here instead because it has a smaller population of about 23 thousand people compared to 28 thousand people of Tana Tidung Regency.

Subdivision splits

Following the Regional Autonomy Act of 1999, many regencies have been split to create additional regencies and cities, the number of such divisions were thus increased to 514. However, these territorial splits can sometimes lead into corruption cases. As of early 2024, further proposals for territorial splits are still under a moratorium. The latest new regencies split from existing regencies were South Buton Regency, Central Buton Regency and West Muna Regency in July 2014, while the latest cities were South Tangerang and Gunungsitoli in October 2008. There are no cities which have been split into other subdivisions, although the administrative regency of Thousand Islands was split from North Jakarta administrative city in 2001. Despite the name of South Tangerang being similar to that of Tangerang city, South Tangerang was actually split from Tangerang Regency. In two special cases, all subdivisions of North Maluku and Riau Islands were made from parts of the defunct North Maluku Regency and Riau Islands Regency, respectively. All subdivisions of North Kalimantan are also made from lands of Bulungan Regency, but its area was split to several regencies before the province was established. Central Java (since 1965) and the Special Region of Yogyakarta (apart from the separation of the Thousand Islands Administrative Regency from North Jakarta City) are the only province-level areas which have not had any subdivision splits. Listed below are the subdivision splits from 1999 to the most recent ones in 2014; for pre-1999 splits see also main article in Indonesian Wikipedia.

2014

Southeast Sulawesi

2013

South Sumatra

Central Sulawesi

Southeast Sulawesi

2012

South Sumatra

East Nusa Tenggara

East Kalimantan

Central Sulawesi

West Sulawesi

Southeast Sulawesi

North Maluku

Lampung

West Java

West Papua

2008

North Sumatra

Jambi

Riau

Bengkulu

Lampung

Riau Islands

Banten

West Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara

North Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi

South Sulawesi

Maluku

North Maluku

West Papua

Papua

2007

Aceh

North Sumatra

South Sumatra

Lampung

Banten

West Java

East Nusa Tenggara

West Kalimantan

North Kalimantan

North Sulawesi

Gorontalo

Southeast Sulawesi

Maluku

Papua

2003

Aceh

North Sumatra

West Sumatra

Riau Islands

Bengkulu

South Sumatra

Bangka Belitung Islands

West Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara

West Kalimantan

South Kalimantan

North Sulawesi

Gorontalo

Central Sulawesi

West Sulawesi

South Sulawesi

Southeast Sulawesi

Maluku

North Maluku

Papua

2002

Aceh

West Sumatra

South Sumatra

West Java

West Nusa Tenggara

Central Kalimantan

East Kalimantan

North Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi

West Sulawesi

South Sulawesi

West Papua

(including current Southwest Papua province)

Papua

(including current Highland Papua and South Papua provinces)

2001

Aceh

North Sumatra

Riau Islands

South Sumatra

DKI Jakarta

West Java

East Java

West Kalimantan

Southeast Sulawesi

1999

Aceh

West Sumatra

Riau

(including the current Riau Islands Province, separated in 2002)

Jambi

Lampung

West Java

(including current Banten Province, created 2000)

East Nusa Tenggara

West Kalimantan

South Kalimantan

East Kalimantan

(including current North Kalimantan Regency)

Gorontalo

Central Sulawesi

South Sulawesi

Maluku

North Maluku

West Papua

(in current Southwest Papua province)

Papua

(all in current Central Papua province)

Former regencies

These regencies are defunct by splitting its lands together, or renamed. This list does not include colonial-era regencies, or former regencies of the former province of East Timor.