Over 50 villages and tribes of the Ohlone (also known as Costanoan) Native American people have been identified as existing in Northern California circa 1769 in the regions of the San Francisco Peninsula, Santa Clara Valley, East Bay, Santa Cruz Mountains, Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley. The known tribe names and village locations of people who spoke the Costanoan languages are listed by regions below. In 1925, Alfred Kroeber, then director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology, declared the tribe extinct, which directly led to its losing federal recognition and land rights.

San Francisco Peninsula

Languages spoken: Ramaytush, Tamyen on southern border Tribes and villages of the San Francisco Peninsula: The following tribes furnished most of the converts at Mission Dolores: Ahwaste, Bolbone, Chiguau, Cuchillones, Chuscan, Cotejen, Junatca, Karkin, Khulpuni, Olemos, Olhon, Olmolococ, Olpen, Quemelentus, Quirogles, Saclan, Salzon (Suisun), Sanchines, Saucou, Sichican, Uchium and Uquitinac.

Santa Clara Valley

Languages spoken: Tamyen, Chochenyo on eastern fringes Tamyen language region (also spelled Tamien, Thamien) – tentatively Santa Clara Valley along Guadalupe River and west through Cupertino. Tribes and villages of Santa Clara Valley:

East Bay area

Languages spoken: Chochenyo, Karkin in the north Tribes and villages of the East Bay area:

Santa Cruz Mountains

Languages spoken: Awaswas, Tamyen on eastern border Tribes and villages of the Santa Cruz Mountains:

Monterey Bay area

Languages spoken: Awaswas north coast, Rumsen south coast, Mutsun inland Tribes and villages of the Monterey Bay area:

Salinas Valley

Languages spoken: Rumsen, Mutsun, Chalon Tribes and villages of Salinas Valley: