This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day. The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina, which was established by Muhammad in the city of Medina in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate. After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India.

By land area

Middle East and North Africa

Mesopotamia and Levant (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria)

Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf

Saudi Arabia Bahrain Qatar Kuwait United Arab Emirates Oman Yemen Regional

North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia)

Algeria Egypt Tunisia Morocco Libya

Horn of Africa

Somalia Ethiopia Eritrea Djibouti

Persian Plateau

Iran Anatolia (Turkey) Azerbaijan Armenia Georgia Caucasus Afghanistan

Indian subcontinent

Bangladesh Pakistan India

Southern Europe

Spain & Portugal France Umayyad Caliph of Cordova Italy Gibraltar

Sahel and Subsaharan Africa

Sudan, South Sudan Mauritania Niger Nigeria Mali Regional Cameroon Benin Burkina Faso Chad Central African Republic Côte d'Ivoire Ghana Senegal Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Togo Sierra Leone

East Africa ("Swahili Coast")

Tanzania Kenya Democratic Republic of the Congo Malawi Mozambique

Indian Ocean Region

Maldives Mayotte Comoros Madagascar

Eastern Europe (Balkan Region)

Ukraine, Moldova Romania, Bulgaria Greece Albania

Ural Region, Siberia (Russia)

Central Asia, East Asia

Transoxania (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan) Mongolia and China

Southeast Asia

Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Philippines Thailand Cambodia, Vietnam Myanmar