Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the liquefied form of natural gas, which has a much smaller volume than natural gas in its gaseous form. This liquefied condition is used to facilitate the carriage of natural gas over long distances, often by sea, in specialized tanks. LNG port terminals are purpose-built port terminals designed to accommodate large LNG carrier ships designed to load, carry and unload LNG. These LNG terminals are located adjacent to a gas liquefaction and storage plant (export), or to a gas regasification and storage plant (import), which are themselves connected to gas pipelines connected to on-shore or off-shore gas fields (export) or to storage and distribution plants (import).

Existing liquefaction terminals

Africa

Asia

Russia

Middle East

South America

Australia

Europe

North America

Under construction:

Existing regasification terminals

Argentina

Bangladesh

Belgium

Brazil

Canada

Chile

China

Colombia

Croatia

Dominican Republic

Finland

France

Greece

India

Israel

Italy

Japan

Kuwait

Lithuania

Mexico

Netherlands

Norway

Pakistan

Poland

Portugal

Singapore

South Korea

Spain

Sweden

Taiwan

Thailand

Turkey

Vietnam

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

United Kingdom

United States and Puerto Rico

The following LNG off-loading and regasification terminals are located in the United States and Gulf of Mexico:

Proposed liquefaction terminals

Asia Pacific

China

Papua New Guinea

Russia (Asia)

In March 2021 the Russian Government authorised a long-term programme to develop three more LNG plants (plus five more potential plants):

North America

Canada

United States

The United States has had a massive shift in LNG terminal planning and construction starting in 2010–2011 due to a rapid increase in US domestic natural gas supply with the widespread adoption of horizontal drilling, combined with hydraulic fracturing petroleum recovery technology. Many brand-new LNG import terminals are planning or have begun addition of liquefaction facilities to operate as export terminals. On 21 November 2019, U.S. regulators approved permits for three new liquified natural gas export terminals in the Rio Grande Valley in Texas. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approved permits for Rio Grande LNG, Annova LNG and Texas LNG with each of the three companies intending to build their LNG plant and terminal at the Port of Brownsville. One month after approval, the Sierra Club and other environmental groups asked the FERC to reconsider the permits, saying the agency failed to adequately consider environmental impacts. The following six projects are in various stages of planning according to the US Federal regulatory authority as of May 2020. Operational Pending Applications Projects in Pre-Filing

South America

Peru

Australia

Europe

Cyprus

Russia (Europe)

Proposed regasification terminals

Australia

Bangladesh

Chile

Estonia

France

Germany

Greece

Hong Kong

India

Indonesia

The country also has liquefaction terminals in more remote areas for export, and imports from the Middle East in areas with dense population.

Ireland

Italy

Japan

Latvia

Mexico

Myanmar

Netherlands

Pakistan

Philippines

Russia

Kaliningrad LNG Terminal

South Korea

North East Asia LNG Hub Terminal

Thailand

Ukraine