This list of JVM Languages comprises notable computer programming languages that are used to produce computer software that runs on the Java virtual machine (JVM). Some of these languages are interpreted by a Java program, and some are compiled to Java bytecode and just-in-time (JIT) compiled during execution as regular Java programs to improve performance. The JVM was initially designed to support only the language Java. However, over time, ever more languages were adapted or designed to run on the Java platform.

JVM languages

High-profile languages

As of 2024, according to the TIOBE index of the top 100 programming languages, and PyPL, the top JVM languages are: Python is TIOBE's top language; Jython, its JVM implementation, doesn't make the list (of 100 languages) under that name (is syntax compatible with Python 2.7, now an outdated Python version). JavaScript (6th), PHP, R and others, also make top 20 and have JVM implementations; Ruby is ranked 18th, while JRuby, its JVM implementation is not listed separately.

JVM implementations of existing languages

New languages with JVM implementations

Comparison of these languages