This is a list of by-elections for the Australian House of Representatives from its creation in 1901 until the present day. Casual vacancies in the House of Representatives arise when a member dies, is disqualified or resigns, or for some other reason the seat becomes vacant. Members normally resign by tendering resignation to the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Casual vacancies are filled by by-elections. The Speaker has a discretion as to when to call a by-election and may not call one at all, for example, if a general election is imminent. At least 33 days must elapse between the issue by the Speaker of a writ and the date of a by-election, and the Speaker cannot issue the writ until receipt of a formal letter of resignation. A by-election must take place on a Saturday. A supplementary election is held in an electorate following a scheduled general election if the election is not held.

List of federal by-elections

In the following table, gains for the Australian Labor Party are highlighted in red, for the Liberal Party of Australia and its predecessors (including the Protectionist Party) in blue, for the National Party of Australia and its predecessors in dark green, the Australian Greens in light green and for others in grey. Seats that were retained by the respective parties remain white. Brackets around a date indicate that the candidate was unopposed when nominations closed. These candidates were declared "elected unopposed" with effect from the date of the closing of nominations, as there was no need to hold a by-election. {| class="wikitable"

47th Parliament (2022–present)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

46th Parliament (2019–2022)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

45th Parliament (2016–2019)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

44th Parliament (2013–2016)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

43rd Parliament (2010–2013)

42nd Parliament (2007–2010)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

41st Parliament (2004–2007)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

40th Parliament (2001–2004)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

39th Parliament (1998–2001)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

38th Parliament (1996–1998)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

37th Parliament (1993–1996)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

36th Parliament (1990–1993)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

35th Parliament (1987–1990)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

34th Parliament (1984–1987)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

33rd Parliament (1983–1984)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

32nd Parliament (1980–1983)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

31st Parliament (1977–1980)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

30th Parliament (1975–1977)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

29th Parliament (1974–1975)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

28th Parliament (1972–1974)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

27th Parliament (1969–1972)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

26th Parliament (1966–1969)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

25th Parliament (1963–1966)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

24th Parliament (1961–1963)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

23rd Parliament (1958–1961)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

22nd Parliament (1955–1958)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

21st Parliament (1954–1955)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

20th Parliament (1951–1954)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

19th Parliament (1949–1951)

18th Parliament (1946–1949)

17th Parliament (1943–1946)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

16th Parliament (1940–1943)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

15th Parliament (1937–1940)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

14th Parliament (1934–1937)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

13th Parliament (1931–1934)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

12th Parliament (1929–1931)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

11th Parliament (1928–1929)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

10th Parliament (1925–1928)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

9th Parliament (1922–1925)

8th Parliament (1919–1922)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

7th Parliament (1917–1919)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

6th Parliament (1914–1917)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

5th Parliament (1913–1914)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

4th Parliament (1910–1913)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

3rd Parliament (1906–1910)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

2nd Parliament (1903–1906)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

1st Parliament (1901–1903)

!Division !! Date !! Cause !! Former member!! colspan=2 | Party !! Winner !! colspan=2 | Party

State by-elections

Sources