The short-lived Kokura Prefecture (小倉県) of Japan was founded in December 1871 after the clan system was abolished earlier that year. It was made up of three separate han territories (Chizuka, Kokura and Nakatsu) which were, each for a short while in 1871 themselves, called 'prefectures'. Kokura Prefecture included Moji, Kokura and other areas to the south. It incorporated the Nakatsu Province (, est. 1871), formerly the Nakatsu Domain, the Toyotsu Province (, formerly Kawara Domain,, later renamed Toyotsu Domain, ), parts of Hita Province and Chizuka Province (, formerly Chizuka Domain, renamed from Kokura Shinden Domain, ). Kokura Prefecture occupied most of the Buzen Province; in 1876 it was absorbed by Fukuoka Prefecture. The city of Kokura was founded in 1900.

Kokura prefectural office (kencho)

The old wooden-built Kokura prefectural office (小倉県庁) is still standing in Kokura Kita ward, Kitakyushu though in a dilapidated condition. Used as a medical clinic and previously as a law court and a police station, it is opposite the ultra-modern Riverwalk Kitakyushu and is in stark contrast to it.