Joseph Arthur Rothschild (April 5, 1931, at Fulda, Germany – January 30, 2000, at New York City) was an American professor of history and political science at Columbia University, specializing in Central European and Eastern European history. Rothschild was a member of the Academy of Political Science, the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America, Phi Beta Kappa and American Professors for Peace in the Middle East (of which he was the national vice chairman in the years 1975–1990). From 1985 he was also a member of the Commission on International Affairs for the American Jewish Congress. He served on the editorial boards of the Middle East Review and the Political Science Quarterly. He received a Guggenheim Fellowship In 1967. Rothschild graduated from Columbia University with a bachelor's and a master's degree. He received his doctorate from the University of Oxford.

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