James Philip Toohey (11 July 1909 – 18 August 1992) was an Australian politician. Born in Adelaide, South Australia, he was educated at state schools before becoming a car worker. After serving as assistant secretary of the Vehicle Builders' Employees Union, he was secretary of the South Australian Labor Party 1947–1955, and a member of its Federal Executive 1948–1959. He also sat on West Torrens Council. In 1953, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Labor Senator for South Australia. He held the seat until his retirement in 1970. Toohey died in 1992, aged 83.