The Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID), formerly the Independent Complaints Directorate (ICD), is a department of the South African government responsible for investigating complaints against the South African Police Service and municipal police services. The IPID was created in April 1997 as part of the post-apartheid reform of the South African Police. It investigates deaths in custody, crimes allegedly committed by police officers, violations of SAPS policy, and dissatisfaction with the service provided by the police.