The Great Synagogue of Baghdad, also known as the Shaf ve’Yativ Synagogue or Shad veYativ Synagogue is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Baghdad, Iraq. Rebuilt several times, the building now serves as a Jewish museum. The building is traditionally believed to stand on the site of an ancient synagogue built by King Jeconiah, who was exiled from the Land of Israel to Babylon in 597 BCE. It is said that material gathered from the ruins of the Temple in Jerusalem was used in its construction. The ancient synagogue is reputed to accommodate approximately 20,000 worshippers, while the current former synagogue and museum building is one eighth in size of the original building.