Gastrolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia. A significant number of the species accumulate monofluoroacetate (the key ingredient of the poison known commonly as 1080), which caused introduced/non native animal deaths from the 1840s in Western Australia. The controversy over the cause of the stock poisoning in that time involved the botanist James Drummond in a series of tests to ascertain the cause of the poisoning, which was determined to be caused primarily by the plants York Road poison (G. calycinum) and Champion Bay poison (G. oxylobioides). In the 1930s and 1940s C.A. Gardner and H.W. Bennetts identified other species in Western Australia, leading to the publication of The Toxic Plants of Western Australia in 1956. The base chromosome number of Gastrolobium is 2n = 16.

Species

Gastrolobium comprises the following species:

Gastrolobium bilobum Group

Gastrolobium parviflorum Subgroup

Gastrolobium calycinum Group

Gastrolobium celsianum Group

Gastrolobium cruciatum Group

Gastrolobium floribundum Group

Gastrolobium heterophyllum Group

Gastrolobium ilicifolium Group

Gastrolobium obovatum Group

Gastrolobium pyramidale Group

Gastrolobium retusum Group

Gastrolobium spinosum Group

Gastrolobium villosum Group

Incertae Sedis

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved: