Gargee'an, sometimes spelled as Gerga'oon (Arabic: قرقاعون), is a semiannual celebration, observed primarily in Eastern Arabia. It takes place on the 15th night of the Islamic month of Sha'ban for Shia Muslims and on the 15th night of Ramadan for all sects. It is celebrated by children and adults alike dressing in traditional attire and going door-to-door to receive sweets and nuts from neighbours, as they sing traditional songs. It’s more of a tradition than a religious affiliation so both Sunni and Shia celebrate it. The tradition has existed for hundreds of years, and is deeply rooted in some parts of the Gulf culture, especially in Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.

Etymology and alternative names

The exact origin of the word Qarqī'ān is unknown though several theories exist. One states that it is derived from Qarqa'ah ( “click”, “snick”), referring to the sound of iron pots carrying the sweets hitting each other while serving the sweets. The holiday is known by other names in the wider Arab world: Majeena or Garangao in Iraq.

Religious significance

Both Gerga'oon nights are significant to Shia Muslims. Shia believe that Gerga'oon on the 15th of Sha'ban marks the birthday of Muhammad al-Mahdi, the 12th Imam. Gerga'oon on the 15th of Ramadan meanwhile coincides with the birth of Imam Hasan ibn Ali, the second Imam in Shia Islam. As a result, the occasion is seen as a time of happiness and festivities by Shia Muslims, particularly in Bahrain. Events at night include the preaching of sermons in mosques, and carnival-like attractions in capital cities of Eastern Arabia such as Manama.

Tradition

Children gather in small choir groups in front of a home and sing. The song is intended to ask God to bless the youngest child of the family with health, and that the mother will remain happy. The more they sing, the more nuts and sweets they receive. The Garqee'an tradition is intended to spread love, happiness and affection among adults and children. In modern times, supermarkets, corporations, and malls compete to attract children during this time via advertisements, and by offering special promotions and arranging exclusive Qarqee'an events to market themselves.