Fritz David Carlson (23 July 1888 – 28 November 1952) was a Swedish mathematician. After the death of Torsten Carleman, he headed the Mittag-Leffler Institute. Carlson's contributions to analysis include Carlson's theorem, the Polyá–Carlson theorem on rational functions, and Carlson's inequality In number theory, his results include Carlson's theorem on Dirichlet series. Hans Rådström, Germund Dahlquist, and Tord Ganelius were among his students.