Multijet is a Fiat and General Motors joint venture, established in 1996, in manufacturing diesel engines with turbo and common rail direct injection technology. Most of the Fiat S.p.A., Fiat Professional, Groupe PSA (Peugeot and Citroën), Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Lancia, Chrysler, Chevrolet, Daewoo Motors, Cadillac, Karsan, Temsa, Iveco, Jeep, Opel, Vauxhall Motors, RAM Trucks, Mitsubishi Fuso, Maruti Suzuki, Suzuki, Tata Motors and Saab Automobile branded vehicles are equipped with Multijet engines. Ownership of some Fiat Multijet designs is shared with General Motors as part of a settlement of the failed merger between the two auto conglomerates. The GM Powertrain Torino group in Turin, Italy, manages its interest in these engines. Some PSA Peugeot Citroën diesel engines are also rebadged JTD units, and vice versa. Fiat's common-rail diesel engine is also known as JTD, an initialism of UniJet Turbo Diesel.

Characteristics

The main improvement that distinguishes the Multijet from previous generations of common-rail diesel engines from FCA is the combustion process of the fuel, which is split into multiple injections, thus allowing for a more complete, quieter combustion in the cylinder. Compared to the first-generation JTD engines (Unijet system), which only featured a smaller pilot and a larger main injection, Multijet is capable of up to five injections per combustion cycle which enables better, more efficient cold running, better performance especially in the lower rev-range, quieter operation, as well as even lower consumption and emissions. The time between injections has been reduced to 150 microseconds while the minimal injection quantity has been reduced from two to less than one microlitre. This enables even mid-sized sedans like the Alfa Romeo 156 and Lancia Lybra equipped with the 1.9L JTD to achieve fuel economy upwards of 45 mpgUS (55 mpgimp or 5L/100 km) on country roads and highways while offering an equal amount of torque as the 3.0L 24V V6 engine. A sophisticated electronic control unit controls the injection and changes the injection logic and number of injections based on a multitude of parameters, most importantly revolutions per minute of the engine, engine torque requested by the driver and the temperature of the coolant. The injection pressure of the diesel fuel on the second-generation Multijet is limited to between 1,400 bar (20,000 psi) on the 1.3 Multijet and 1,600 bar (23,000 psi) on the 2.4 Multijet 20V.

Multijet II

In 2009, Fiat Powertrain introduced the third generation of this technology, called Multijet II. With its new and innovative injectors with a hydraulically balanced solenoid valve and even higher injection pressure of 2,000 bar (29,000 psi) it is capable of even more precise controlling of the injected diesel fuel, injecting it in a quicker and more flexible manner. It enables up to eight consecutive injections per combustion cycle and implemented Injection Rate Shaping technology, which provides two very close pilot injections making the fuel delivery more continuous and modulated. This results in an engine that is quiet and has a smoother operation, lower emissions, better fuel mileage and higher performance compared to the previous generation.

Automotive engines

1.0

A 936 cc 3-cylinder variant, (called XSDE, Xtra Smart Diesel Engine) or Smartech Diesel, was introduced in 2011. Co-developed by GM Powertrain Torino and the GM Technical Center India for the Indian market the engine is rated at 57 bhp of power and 150 Nm of torque. Applications:

1.3 JTDm/Multijet/CDTI/D/DDiS/HDi

A small 1.3 L (1248 cc) version (called the SDE, Small Diesel Engine) introduced in February 2003 is produced in Bielsko-Biała, Poland, in Ranjangaon, Pune, India, by Fiat India Automobiles and Tata Motors joint venture plant since 2008, and by Maruti Suzuki in Gurgaon, Haryana, India since 2012. The Multijet 75 PS version was chosen in 2005 as the International Engine of the Year in the 1-litre to 1.4-litre category. There are five versions of this engine: a 70 PS and a 75 PS (used in the Punto, Panda, Doblo, Palio, Albea, Idea, 500; Opel Corsa, Combo, Meriva; Suzuki Ritz, Swift; and Tata Indica Vista), a 85 PS (used in the Fiat 500L and Fiat Doblo), a variable inlet geometry 90 PS (used in the Fiat Grande Punto, Linea; Opel Corsa, Astra; Suzuki Ertiga, SX4; Tata Indigo Manza and Alfa Romeo MiTo) and a 95 PS from the Multijet II generation, and a 105 PS available on the Lancia Ypsilon. Newton metre torque in the 180 Nm, 190 Nm, 200 Nm and 210 Nm. At the time of the launch this was the smallest four-cylinder diesel engine available and it had a fuel consumption of 3.3 L/100 km in some applications. The engine is able to meet Euro IV emission standards without the use of a diesel particulate filter. In January 2008, Tata Motors introduced the new Indica Vista model, which features a new Quadrajet branded version of this engine. The second generation Ford Ka uses 1.3 Multijet named as Duratorq TDCi. In GM nomenclature, it is called Small Diesel Engine (SDE). During 2009, Fiat launched a new generation badged Multijet II, with a new injection management system (up to 8 injections per cycle, instead of 5) and able to meet Euro V emission standards. It is available with several power outputs, from 75 PS, with fixed geometry turbocharger, to 95 PS, with variable geometry turbocharger. As of 2013, more than 5 million 1.3 MultiJet engines were produced. In January 2020, the production of the 1.3 Multijet ended in India in both the Maruti Suzuki plant and the Fiat-Tata JV, as the BS6 emission regulations came into effect in the country from 1 April 2020. Fiat-Tata built a total of 800,048 engines over 12 years.

Applications

FCA

General Motors

PSA

Suzuki

Tata Motors

Others

1.6 JTDm/Multijet/CDTI/DDiS

In 2006 Fiat Powertrain announced a downsized version of the 1.9 16V Multijet, a new 1.6L 16V Multijet (1,598 cc) with two power levels of 90 PS, 105 PS, 120 PS and 130 PS to replace the still-used 1.9L 8-valve engine. The new 1.6 Multijet diesel with 280 Nm, 290 Nm, 300 Nm and 320 Nm.

Applications

FCA

General Motors

Suzuki

1.9 JTD/JTDm/Multijet/Twin Turbo Multijet/CDTI/TiD/TTiD/DDiS

The most common JTD engine is the 1.9 L straight-4 found on various brands and models. The first car that used this engine was the Alfa Romeo 156 in 1997 (105 PS), making it the world's first common-rail diesel passenger car. In 1999, it was introduced in the Fiat Brava, Bravo and Marea range, as well as in the Fiat Punto JTD with a smaller, fixed-geometry turbocharger and 80. PS. There were also 85 PS, 101 PS, 110. PS, and 115 PS versions available. The engine block weighs approximately 125 kg, the cylinder head features an overhead camshaft with directly actuated valves. The Multijet second generation features an advanced common-rail system and is available with seven different power outputs. The 8-valve version has 101 PS, 120. PS, or 130. PS and the 16-valve version has 134 PS, 138 PS, 150. PS, or 170. PS. Except for the 101 PS Multijet, all engines feature a variable-geometry turbocharger. Opel also uses a version of this engine. Their CDTI engine, manufactured in Pratola Serra, Italy and Kaiserslautern, Germany, is the product of the half-decade joint venture between GM and Fiat. It is used in the Vectra, Signum, Astra, Zafira, Cadillac BLS and Suzuki SX4 as well as some Saabs marked as TiD and TTiD (twinturbo version).

Applications

FCA

General Motors

Suzuki

Others

SAIC Motor

Twin Turbo

Fiat Powertrain Technologies released information about a new two stage turbo (twin turbo) version of this engine in summer 2007, which is available with two power levels, one producing 180. PS and one 190. PS, both with a maximum torque output of 400. Nm at 2000 rpm. The 180 PS version production started summer 2007. The engine weighs approximately 185 kg. This engine will be sold both to Fiat Group Automobiles and other brands, but the 190. PS version is reserved only to Fiat Group Automobiles.

Applications

2.0 JTDm/CDTI/TiD/TTiD/VCDi/Multijet II/DDiS

A new 2 litre (1,956 cc, 83 mm bore, 90.4 mm stroke) Multijet diesel was introduced in third generation Lancia Delta in summer 2008. At its first version this engine produces 165 PS. For 2009 the engine was fitted to Alfa Romeo 159 as 170. PS variant. Fiat Sedici, Suzuki SX4 and the new Fiat Doblò generation use a 135 PS variant of this engine. GM Powertrain separately developed their diesel engines based on 1.9 JTD, after end of the GM and Fiat partnership, and first was the 160. PS version for Astra and Insignia, which was later upgraded to 165 PS for Astra (163 PS in restyled version of Insignia), and less powerful version for Insignia with 110 PS and 130 PS. In 2011 GM Powertrain Europe developed a new derivative - the twin-turbocharger BiTurbo version, with 195 PS, which is used in the Insignia and starting with 2013 in the Astra J. Internally the new engine is referred to as GM Ecotec Family B engine. The same engine was also available in the 2011 Saab 9–5 with 160 PS and 190 PS twin-turbo. In 2013 Opel introduced cleaner and more fuel efficient versions of the 2.0 CDTI engine and the ecoFLEX version, with 99 g/km of CO2 and 120 PS (140 PS for Insignia).

Applications

FCA

General Motors

SAIC Motor

Suzuki

Tata Motors

2.2 JTDm/Multijet II

The 2.2 Multijet II (2,184 cc) was introduced by Fiat Chrysler in mid-2015. These engines produce 185 PS and 200. PS with 440. Nm of torque at 2500 RPM in the Jeep Cherokee. It was developed to offer more torque in the low-rev range compared to the 2.0L Multijet. This engine further improves the existing 2.0 Multijet in various areas, such as a higher injection pressure (2,000 Bar instead of 1,600 Bar) with Injector Rate Shaping, an oil pump with variable displacement and counterbalance-shafts to reduce noises and vibrations. This engine meets Euro 6 emission norms without the use of diesel exhaust fluid injection. A 2.2 Multijet III (2,184 cc) was introduced by Stellantis on the Fiat Ducato in 2021 with 4 power outputs: 120, 140, 160, & 180 hp. It meets Euro 6d emissions standards. A further development of this engine with a 2,143 cc displacement, and a die-cast Aluminium block, is used in the Alfa Romeo Giulia (952), Alfa Romeo Stelvio, and Jeep Wrangler (JL).

Applications

2.4 JTD/JTDm/Multijet

The 2.4 L (2,387 cc) straight-5 version is based on the 2.4 124 PS 5 cylinder TD engine as used in the Mk1 Fiat Marea and the Mk1 Lancia Kappa. The JTD version benefits from the solid build of the TD block, and an improved head/injection system. There are 2 versions of the 2.4 JTD, the 10-valve as used in the Fiat Marea 130 JTD and the earlier Alfa Romeo 156/Alfa Romeo 166/Lancia Lybra diesels where it was available as 136 PS, 140. PS, 150. PS and later a Multijet 20-valve version 175 PS as used in the later (2003>) Alfa Romeo 156 as well as some Lancia vehicles. It was designed for transverse front-wheel drive use and was deemed too long and tall for widespread use in other GM Ecotec or Fiat products. A newer Multijet variant of this engine, capable for 200. PS, is used in the Alfa Romeo 159, Alfa Romeo Brera and Fiat Croma. The latest version of this engine produces 210. PS and 400. Nm at 1500 rpm, and is used in Alfa Romeo vehicles.

Applications

2.8

Evolution of VM Motori A 428 DOHC in the inline-4 engine with 1,800 bar (26,000 psi) common rail injection system and piezoelectric injectors

Applications

3.0

A 2987 cc double overhead camshaft V6 engine, featuring four valves-per-cylinder and common-rail direct fuel injection. A variant complying with the emission norms of the North America market (NAFTA) is the 3.0 V6 Multijet II and marketed by Fiat Chrysler as the FPT Multijet II. The high-performance, single turbo version is Jeep.

A630 applications (Europe)

L630 applications (North America)

A630 HP applications (Europe)

Light commercial vehicle engines

1.5 Multijet II

The Multijet II engine is a 1.5 L (1,499 cc) inline-four found on various brands and models. Versions of this engine include the PSA DV5 in the third generation Fiat Doblò and third generation Fiat Scudo. Power outputs are 100 PS, 120 and 130 PS with maximum torque output of 250 Nm or 300 Nm at 2000 rpm. The PSA HDi engine variant is manufactured by Groupe PSA as a product of the joint venture with Stellantis.

Applications

Fiat

1.6 Multijet II

The 1.6 Multijet II (1560 cc) was developed by PSA HDi engine and Ford Duratorq engine for heavy-duty applications and is available in three versions 90 Multijet (PSA DV6) these engines produce 90 PS respectively.

Applications

2.0 JTD/Multijet

The 2.0 JTD/Multijet (1998 cc) was developed by PSA HDi engine for heavy-duty applications and is available in three versions 90 JTD (PSA DW10), 110 JTD (PSA DW10), 120 MultiJet (PSA DW10), 136 MultiJet (PSA DW10), 150 MultiJet (PSA DW10) and 180 MultiJet (PSA DW10) these engines produce 90 PS, 110 PS, 120 PS, 136 PS, 150 PS and 180 PS respectively.

Applications

2.3 JTD/Multijet

The 2.3 Multijet (2,287 cc) was developed by Iveco for heavy-duty applications and is available in three versions 120 MultiJet (Sofim F1AE0481D), 130 MultiJet (Sofim F1AE0481N or F1AE6481D) and 150 MultiJet (Sofim F1AE3481E), these engines produce 120 PS, 130 PS and 148 PS respectively.

Applications

2.4 Multijet

The 2.4 Multijet (2,442 cc) was developed by Mitsubishi 4N15 for Mitsubishi L200 applications and is available in three versions these engines produce 154 PS and 181 PS respectively.

Applications

2.8 JTD/HDi

The 2.8 JTD (2,800 cc) made by Iveco (SOFIM) was used in second generation Fiat Ducato, it produces 128 PS or 146 PS.

Applications

3.0 Multijet Power/HDi

The 160 MultiJet Power, introduced in 2007, saw displacement increased to 3.0 L (2,998 cc). This engine produces 157 PS or 177 PS in Fiat-badged models. In Iveco Massif this engine is also available as 176 PS version.

Applications