{"history":[],"article":{"id":"1988829f-524b-48cf-ab3a-1aa8fd148aba","title":"CVC Capital Partners","slug":"cvc-capital-partners","content":":::summary\n![CVC Capital Partners plc](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Trenton///Square%2C///St///Helier%2C///Jersey.jpg)\n**Image Caption:** Headquarters at IFC 5 in [St Helier, Jersey](https://bliptext.com/articles/st-helier-jersey) \n**Name:** CVC Capital Partners plc \n**Type:** [Public](https://bliptext.com/articles/public-limited-company) \n**Foundation:** 1981 \n**Founder:** Rolly van Rappard \n**Hq Location City:** [St Helier](https://bliptext.com/articles/st-helier) \n**Hq Location Country:** Jersey \n**Key People:**

Rob Lucas (Chief Executive and Managing Partner)
Rolly van Rappard (co-[chair](https://bliptext.com/articles/chair-official))

\n**Industry:** [Private equity](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity) \n**Products:**

Private equity
Credit
Secondaries
Infrastructure

\n**Services:** Investment Banking & Brokerage · Diversified Financial Services \n**Aum:** €186 billion (2024) \n**Num Employees:** c. 850 (2023) \n**Homepage:** https://cvc.com/ \n:::\n\n# \n**CVC Capital Partners plc** is a [Jersey](https://bliptext.com/articles/jersey)-based [private equity](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity) and investment advisory firm with approximately €186 billion of assets under management and approximately €157 billion in secured commitments since inception across American, European, and Asian [private equity](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity), [secondaries](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity-secondary-market), credit funds and infrastructure.\nAs of 31 December 2021, the funds managed or advised by CVC are invested in more than 100 companies worldwide, employing over 450,000 people in numerous countries.\nCVC was founded in 1981 and, as of 31 March 2022, has over 850 employees working across its network of 25 offices throughout EMEA, Asia and the Americas.\nIn June 2022, CVC was ranked fourth in [Private Equity International](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity-international) PEI 300 ranking of the largest private equity firms in the world, but fell to 15th in the 2023 ranking.\nHowever, by 2024, CVC had risen back to fourth in the rankings.\nIn 2023, it raised the largest ever raised private equity fund globally at €26 billion.\n\n# History\nBy the early 1990s, Michael Smith, who joined [Citicorp](https://bliptext.com/articles/citigroup) in 1982, was leading [Citicorp](https://bliptext.com/articles/citigroup) Venture Capital in Europe along with other managing directors Steven Koltes, [Hardy McLain](https://bliptext.com/articles/hardy-mclain), Donald Mackenzie, Iain Parham, and Rolly Van Rappard.\nIn 1993, Smith and the senior investment professionals of Citicorp Venture Capital negotiated a [spinoff](https://bliptext.com/articles/corporate-spin-off) from [Citibank](https://bliptext.com/articles/citibank) to form an independent private equity firm, CVC Capital Partners.\nIn 1996, Rob Lucas, who would go on to be the firm's lead managing partner in the 2020s, joined the firm.\nIn 2006, the US arm of Citigroup Venture Capital also spun out of the bank to form a new firm, known as [Court Square Capital Partners](https://bliptext.com/articles/court-square-capital-partners).\nCVC operated offices in [London](https://bliptext.com/articles/london), [Paris](https://bliptext.com/articles/paris) and [Frankfurt](https://bliptext.com/articles/frankfurt).\nFollowing the spinoff, CVC raised its first investment fund with $300 million of commitments, half coming from Citicorp and the rest from [high-net-worth individuals](https://bliptext.com/articles/high-net-worth-individual) and institutional investors.\nNow independent, CVC also completed its transition from venture capital investments to [leveraged buyouts](https://bliptext.com/articles/leveraged-buyout) and investments in mature businesses.\nCVC would follow up with its second fund in 1996, it is first fully independent of Citibank, with $840 million of capital commitments.\n\n# Investments\n\n## 2000s\nBy 2000, CVC was one of the largest and best known private equity firms in Europe.\nIn 2001, CVC completed fundraising for its third investment fund, which was the largest private equity fund raised in Europe at the time, just ahead of funds raised by other leading firms, [Apax Partners](https://bliptext.com/articles/apax-partners) and [BC Partners](https://bliptext.com/articles/bc-partners).\nAlso, around the same time, CVC expanded into Asia with a $750 million fund focusing exclusively on investments in Asian companies.\nIn 2004, CVC and [Permira](https://bliptext.com/articles/permira) bought from [Centrica](https://bliptext.com/articles/centrica) the British motoring association [The AA](https://bliptext.com/articles/the-aa), and in July 2007 merged [The AA](https://bliptext.com/articles/the-aa) with [Saga](https://bliptext.com/articles/saga-plc) under [Acromas Holdings](https://bliptext.com/articles/acromas-holdings).\nFrom November 2005 to March 2006, CVC gradually purchased 63.4% of the shares of the [Formula One Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/formula-one-group), owner of the [Formula One](https://bliptext.com/articles/formula-one) auto racing championship.\nIn 2006, CVC and [Permira](https://bliptext.com/articles/permira) were accused by Labour MP [Gwyn Prosser](https://bliptext.com/articles/gwyn-prosser) in the [House of Commons](https://bliptext.com/articles/house-of-commons) of \"greed\" and \"blatant [asset stripping](https://bliptext.com/articles/asset-stripping)\" of [The AA](https://bliptext.com/articles/the-aa) \"to borrow £500m on the basis of [The AA](https://bliptext.com/articles/the-aa)'s assets in order to pay themselves a dividend.\"\nThe AA responded that they were \"happy to have a reasoned conversation with Mr Prosser.\"\nIn 2007, CVC expanded to the U.S., opening an office in [New York City](https://bliptext.com/articles/new-york-city), headed by Christopher Stadler and overseen by Rolly van Rappard.\n\n## 2010s\nIn 2012, CVC reduced its shares in the [Formula One Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/formula-one-group) to 35.5%.\nThe deputy team principal of [Force India](https://bliptext.com/articles/force-india), Bob Fernley, accused CVC of \"raping the sport\" during the period of its involvement in Formula One.\nIn January 2013, Smith retired from the role of chairman and Koltes, Mackenzie and Van Rappard were appointed co-chairmen of the group.\nIn January 2015, CVC Capital Partners and Bencis Capital Partners were sentenced to pay fines by the [Dutch Authority for Consumers and Markets](https://bliptext.com/articles/netherlands-authority-for-consumers-and-markets) after it charged the former Dutch portfolio company of the two firms, Meneba Beheer, with breaking competition rules through price fixing.\nThe Dutch regulator ruled that the two firms must pay between €450,000 and €1.5 million after Meneba Beheer, which was itself fined €9 million by the authority, was involved in a collective agreement with competitors to keep prices stable between 2001 and 2007.\nIn February 2015, CVC made its first investment from CVC Growth Partners in Wireless Logic, Europe's largest machine-to-machine managed service provider, acquiring it from [ECI Partners](https://bliptext.com/articles/eci-partners).\nIn March 2015, CVC bought 80% of shares of gambling company [Sky Betting & Gaming](https://bliptext.com/articles/sky-betting-gaming).\nIn June 2015, CVC acquired the [German](https://bliptext.com/articles/germany) perfume retailer [Douglas AG](https://bliptext.com/articles/douglas-ag) for an disclosed fee from private equity firm [Advent International](https://bliptext.com/articles/advent-international).\nIn September 2015, CVC opened an office in [Warsaw](https://bliptext.com/articles/warsaw).\nIn November 2015, CVC and the [Canada Pension Plan Investment Board](https://bliptext.com/articles/canada-pension-plan-investment-board) both acquired [American](https://bliptext.com/articles/united-states) pet supplier [Petco](https://bliptext.com/articles/petco) for a fee of around $4.6 billion.\nIn April 2016, CVC Capital Partners acquired German betting operator [Tipico](https://bliptext.com/articles/tipico).\nIn August 2016, CVC Capital Partners agreed to buy a 15% stake in [PT Siloam International Hospitals Tbk](https://bliptext.com/articles/siloam-hospitals), among [Indonesia](https://bliptext.com/articles/indonesia)'s and [Southeast Asia](https://bliptext.com/articles/southeast-asia)'s largest corporate chains of private hospitals.\nIn September 2016, CVC Capital Partners agreed to sell control of the Formula One Group to [John Malone's](https://bliptext.com/articles/john-c-malone) [Liberty Media](https://bliptext.com/articles/liberty-media) in a deal worth US$4.4bn.\nThe two-part deal would see the US media group buy 18.7 per cent of the F1 parent company Delta Topco for $746mn in cash from a consortium of shareholders led by CVC.\nIn 2017, a second payment of $354mn in cash and $3.3bn in newly issued shares in a Liberty Media tracking stock saw Liberty Media assume full control of Formula One once the deal was approved by regulators, the [FIA](https://bliptext.com/articles/f-d-ration-internationale-de-l-automobile) and Liberty's shareholders.\nIn October 2017, CVC Capital Partners acquired [Dutch](https://bliptext.com/articles/netherlands) global provider of [compliance](https://bliptext.com/articles/governance-risk-management-and-compliance) and [administrative](https://bliptext.com/articles/business-administration) services firm [TMF Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/tmf-group) for €1.75 billion.\nIn May 2018, CVC Capital Partners paid $160 million for the acquisition of [OANDA Global Corporation](https://bliptext.com/articles/oanda-global-corporation) (OANDA), a global online retail [foreign exchange](https://bliptext.com/articles/foreign-exchange) trading platform, [currency](https://bliptext.com/articles/currency) [data](https://bliptext.com/articles/data) and [analytics](https://bliptext.com/articles/analytics) company headquartered in [Toronto](https://bliptext.com/articles/toronto), [Ontario](https://bliptext.com/articles/ontario), [Canada](https://bliptext.com/articles/canada).\nTowards the end of 2019, CVC Capital Partners purchased Ontic from [BBA Aviation](https://bliptext.com/articles/signature-aviation) for $1.365 billion.\n\n## 2020s\nOn 25 October 2021, Irelia Company Pte Ltd. (CVC Capital Partners) bought the [Ahmedabad](https://bliptext.com/articles/ahmedabad)-based [Indian Premier League](https://bliptext.com/articles/indian-premier-league) cricket franchise ([Gujarat Titans](https://bliptext.com/articles/gujarat-titans)) for inr 56250000000.\nIn November 2021, CVC acquired the bulk of [Unilever](https://bliptext.com/articles/unilever)'s tea division, [Lipton Teas and Infusions](https://bliptext.com/articles/lipton-teas-and-infusions) for £4.5 billion.\nIt included 34 tea brands.\nThe deal also included tea estates in three countries and 11 factories.\nIn July 2022, CVC sold a near-50 per cent stake in [TMF Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/tmf-group) to the [Abu Dhabi Investment Authority](https://bliptext.com/articles/abu-dhabi-investment-authority).\nIn 2022, co-founder Steve Koltes stepped down from the firm.\nCVC initially planned to float an IPO on the [Euronext Amsterdam](https://bliptext.com/articles/euronext-amsterdam) stock exchange in 2022.\nThe float was delayed, citing market disruption caused by inflation and the [invasion of Ukraine](https://bliptext.com/articles/russian-invasion-of-ukraine).\nThe deal was further postponed in 2023.\nThe chief executive of the firm would be Rob Lucas.\nIn December 2023, CVC acquired a Japanese pharmacy operator, Sogo Medical, for $1.2 billion.\nIn February 2024 CVC raised $6.8 billion for its sixth Asia fund, its largest to date in the region and 50% larger than the previous $4.5 billion fund raised in 2020.\nDonald Mackenzie, another co-founder, stepped back from the firm in February 2024.\nOn 26 April 2024, CVC listed its shares on the Euronext Amsterdam stock exchange, opening at €17.34.\nThe total offering size was €2.3 billion.\nOn 23 November 2024, [Sky News](https://bliptext.com/articles/sky-news) reported that [All3Media](https://bliptext.com/articles/all3media) had been linked to a potential takeover bid for [ITV plc](https://bliptext.com/articles/itv-plc) and a possible break-up of core assets such as [ITV Studios](https://bliptext.com/articles/itv-studios) and [ITVX](https://bliptext.com/articles/itvx).\n\n# Investment funds\n\n# Notable investments","current_revision":null,"created_by":"kACnuQmH5k9Nr5VNVEpVeg7XpvUmMctD","created_at":"2025-01-26T07:23:25.401Z","updated_at":"2025-01-26T07:23:25.401Z","search_vector":"'capit':2 'cvc':1 'partner':3","search_content":" \n \n**Image Caption:** Headquarters at IFC 5 in [St Helier, Jersey](https://bliptext.com/articles/st-helier-jersey) \n**Name:** CVC Capital Partners plc \n**Type:** [Public](https://bliptext.com/articles/public-limited-company) \n**Foundation:** 1981 \n**Founder:** Rolly van Rappard \n**Hq Location City:** [St Helier](https://bliptext.com/articles/st-helier) \n**Hq Location Country:** Jersey \n**Key People:** Rob Lucas (Chief Executive and Managing Partner) Rolly van Rappard (co-[chair](https://bliptext.com/articles/chair-official)) \n**Industry:** [Private equity](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity) \n**Products:** Private equity Credit Secondaries Infrastructure \n**Services:** Investment Banking & Brokerage · Diversified Financial Services \n**Aum:** €186 billion (2024) \n**Num Employees:** c. 850 (2023) \n**Homepage:** https://cvc.com/ \n \n\n# \n**CVC Capital Partners plc** is a [Jersey](https://bliptext.com/articles/jersey)-based [private equity](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity) and investment advisory firm with approximately €186 billion of assets under management and approximately €157 billion in secured commitments since inception across American, European, and Asian [private equity](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity), [secondaries](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity-secondary-market), credit funds and infrastructure.\nAs of 31 December 2021, the funds managed or advised by CVC are invested in more than 100 companies worldwide, employing over 450,000 people in numerous countries.\nCVC was founded in 1981 and, as of 31 March 2022, has over 850 employees working across its network of 25 offices throughout EMEA, Asia and the Americas.\nIn June 2022, CVC was ranked fourth in [Private Equity International](https://bliptext.com/articles/private-equity-international) PEI 300 ranking of the largest private equity firms in the world, but fell to 15th in the 2023 ranking.\nHowever, by 2024, CVC had risen back to fourth in the rankings.\nIn 2023, it raised the largest ever raised private equity fund globally at €26 billion.\n\n# History\nBy the early 1990s, Michael Smith, who joined [Citicorp](https://bliptext.com/articles/citigroup) in 1982, was leading [Citicorp](https://bliptext.com/articles/citigroup) Venture Capital in Europe along with other managing directors Steven Koltes, [Hardy McLain](https://bliptext.com/articles/hardy-mclain), Donald Mackenzie, Iain Parham, and Rolly Van Rappard.\nIn 1993, Smith and the senior investment professionals of Citicorp Venture Capital negotiated a [spinoff](https://bliptext.com/articles/corporate-spin-off) from [Citibank](https://bliptext.com/articles/citibank) to form an independent private equity firm, CVC Capital Partners.\nIn 1996, Rob Lucas, who would go on to be the firm's lead managing partner in the 2020s, joined the firm.\nIn 2006, the US arm of Citigroup Venture Capital also spun out of the bank to form a new firm, known as [Court Square Capital Partners](https://bliptext.com/articles/court-square-capital-partners).\nCVC operated offices in [London](https://bliptext.com/articles/london), [Paris](https://bliptext.com/articles/paris) and [Frankfurt](https://bliptext.com/articles/frankfurt).\nFollowing the spinoff, CVC raised its first investment fund with $300 million of commitments, half coming from Citicorp and the rest from [high-net-worth individuals](https://bliptext.com/articles/high-net-worth-individual) and institutional investors.\nNow independent, CVC also completed its transition from venture capital investments to [leveraged buyouts](https://bliptext.com/articles/leveraged-buyout) and investments in mature businesses.\nCVC would follow up with its second fund in 1996, it is first fully independent of Citibank, with $840 million of capital commitments.\n\n# Investments\n\n## 2000s\nBy 2000, CVC was one of the largest and best known private equity firms in Europe.\nIn 2001, CVC completed fundraising for its third investment fund, which was the largest private equity fund raised in Europe at the time, just ahead of funds raised by other leading firms, [Apax Partners](https://bliptext.com/articles/apax-partners) and [BC Partners](https://bliptext.com/articles/bc-partners).\nAlso, around the same time, CVC expanded into Asia with a $750 million fund focusing exclusively on investments in Asian companies.\nIn 2004, CVC and [Permira](https://bliptext.com/articles/permira) bought from [Centrica](https://bliptext.com/articles/centrica) the British motoring association [The AA](https://bliptext.com/articles/the-aa), and in July 2007 merged [The AA](https://bliptext.com/articles/the-aa) with [Saga](https://bliptext.com/articles/saga-plc) under [Acromas Holdings](https://bliptext.com/articles/acromas-holdings).\nFrom November 2005 to March 2006, CVC gradually purchased 63.4% of the shares of the [[Formula One](https://bliptext.com/articles/formula-one) Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/formula-one-group), owner of the [Formula One](https://bliptext.com/articles/formula-one) auto racing championship.\nIn 2006, CVC and [Permira](https://bliptext.com/articles/permira) were accused by Labour MP [Gwyn Prosser](https://bliptext.com/articles/gwyn-prosser) in the [House of Commons](https://bliptext.com/articles/house-of-commons) of \"greed\" and \"blatant [asset stripping](https://bliptext.com/articles/asset-stripping)\" of [The AA](https://bliptext.com/articles/the-aa) \"to borrow £500m on the basis of [The AA](https://bliptext.com/articles/the-aa)'s assets in order to pay themselves a dividend.\"\nThe AA responded that they were \"happy to have a reasoned conversation with Mr Prosser.\"\nIn 2007, CVC expanded to the U.S., opening an office in [New York City](https://bliptext.com/articles/new-york-city), headed by Christopher Stadler and overseen by Rolly van Rappard.\n\n## 2010s\nIn 2012, CVC reduced its shares in the [Formula One Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/formula-one-group) to 35.5%.\nThe deputy team principal of [Force India](https://bliptext.com/articles/force-india), Bob Fernley, accused CVC of \"raping the sport\" during the period of its involvement in Formula One.\nIn January 2013, Smith retired from the role of chairman and Koltes, Mackenzie and Van Rappard were appointed co-chairmen of the group.\nIn January 2015, CVC Capital Partners and Bencis Capital Partners were sentenced to pay fines by the [Dutch Authority for Consumers and Markets](https://bliptext.com/articles/netherlands-authority-for-consumers-and-markets) after it charged the former Dutch portfolio company of the two firms, Meneba Beheer, with breaking competition rules through price fixing.\nThe Dutch regulator ruled that the two firms must pay between €450,000 and €1.5 million after Meneba Beheer, which was itself fined €9 million by the authority, was involved in a collective agreement with competitors to keep prices stable between 2001 and 2007.\nIn February 2015, CVC made its first investment from CVC Growth Partners in Wireless Logic, Europe's largest machine-to-machine managed service provider, acquiring it from [ECI Partners](https://bliptext.com/articles/eci-partners).\nIn March 2015, CVC bought 80% of shares of gambling company [Sky Betting & Gaming](https://bliptext.com/articles/sky-betting-gaming).\nIn June 2015, CVC acquired the [German](https://bliptext.com/articles/germany) perfume retailer [Douglas AG](https://bliptext.com/articles/douglas-ag) for an disclosed fee from private equity firm [Advent International](https://bliptext.com/articles/advent-international).\nIn September 2015, CVC opened an office in [Warsaw](https://bliptext.com/articles/warsaw).\nIn November 2015, CVC and the [Canada Pension Plan Investment Board](https://bliptext.com/articles/canada-pension-plan-investment-board) both acquired [American](https://bliptext.com/articles/united-states) pet supplier [Petco](https://bliptext.com/articles/petco) for a fee of around $4.6 billion.\nIn April 2016, CVC Capital Partners acquired German betting operator [Tipico](https://bliptext.com/articles/tipico).\nIn August 2016, CVC Capital Partners agreed to buy a 15% stake in [PT Siloam International Hospitals Tbk](https://bliptext.com/articles/siloam-hospitals), among [Indonesia](https://bliptext.com/articles/indonesia)'s and [Southeast Asia](https://bliptext.com/articles/southeast-asia)'s largest corporate chains of private hospitals.\nIn September 2016, CVC Capital Partners agreed to sell control of the Formula One Group to [John Malone's](https://bliptext.com/articles/john-c-malone) [Liberty Media](https://bliptext.com/articles/liberty-media) in a deal worth US$4.4bn.\nThe two-part deal would see the US media group buy 18.7 per cent of the F1 parent company Delta Topco for $746mn in cash from a consortium of shareholders led by CVC.\nIn 2017, a second payment of $354mn in cash and $3.3bn in newly issued shares in a Liberty Media tracking stock saw Liberty Media assume full control of Formula One once the deal was approved by regulators, the [FIA](https://bliptext.com/articles/f-d-ration-internationale-de-l-automobile) and Liberty's shareholders.\nIn October 2017, CVC Capital Partners acquired [Dutch](https://bliptext.com/articles/netherlands) global provider of [compliance](https://bliptext.com/articles/governance-risk-management-and-compliance) and [administrative](https://bliptext.com/articles/business-administration) services firm [TMF Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/tmf-group) for €1.75 billion.\nIn May 2018, CVC Capital Partners paid $160 million for the acquisition of [OANDA Global Corporation](https://bliptext.com/articles/oanda-global-corporation) (OANDA), a global online retail [foreign exchange](https://bliptext.com/articles/foreign-exchange) trading platform, [currency](https://bliptext.com/articles/currency) [data](https://bliptext.com/articles/data) and [analytics](https://bliptext.com/articles/analytics) company headquartered in [Toronto](https://bliptext.com/articles/toronto), [Ontario](https://bliptext.com/articles/ontario), [Canada](https://bliptext.com/articles/canada).\nTowards the end of 2019, CVC Capital Partners purchased Ontic from [BBA Aviation](https://bliptext.com/articles/signature-aviation) for $1.365 billion.\n\n## 2020s\nOn 25 October 2021, Irelia Company Pte Ltd. (CVC Capital Partners) bought the [Ahmedabad](https://bliptext.com/articles/ahmedabad)-based [Indian Premier League](https://bliptext.com/articles/indian-premier-league) cricket franchise ([Gujarat Titans](https://bliptext.com/articles/gujarat-titans)) for inr 56250000000.\nIn November 2021, CVC acquired the bulk of [Unilever](https://bliptext.com/articles/unilever)'s tea division, [Lipton Teas and Infusions](https://bliptext.com/articles/lipton-teas-and-infusions) for £4.5 billion.\nIt included 34 tea brands.\nThe deal also included tea estates in three countries and 11 factories.\nIn July 2022, CVC sold a near-50 per cent stake in [TMF Group](https://bliptext.com/articles/tmf-group) to the [Abu Dhabi Investment Authority](https://bliptext.com/articles/abu-dhabi-investment-authority).\nIn 2022, co-founder Steve Koltes stepped down from the firm.\nCVC initially planned to float an IPO on the [Euronext Amsterdam](https://bliptext.com/articles/euronext-amsterdam) stock exchange in 2022.\nThe float was delayed, citing market disruption caused by inflation and the [invasion of Ukraine](https://bliptext.com/articles/russian-invasion-of-ukraine).\nThe deal was further postponed in 2023.\nThe chief executive of the firm would be Rob Lucas.\nIn December 2023, CVC acquired a Japanese pharmacy operator, Sogo Medical, for $1.2 billion.\nIn February 2024 CVC raised $6.8 billion for its sixth Asia fund, its largest to date in the region and 50% larger than the previous $4.5 billion fund raised in 2020.\nDonald Mackenzie, another co-founder, stepped back from the firm in February 2024.\nOn 26 April 2024, CVC listed its shares on the Euronext Amsterdam stock exchange, opening at €17.34.\nThe total offering size was €2.3 billion.\nOn 23 November 2024, [Sky News](https://bliptext.com/articles/sky-news) reported that [All3Media](https://bliptext.com/articles/all3media) had been linked to a potential takeover bid for [ITV plc](https://bliptext.com/articles/itv-plc) and a possible break-up of core assets such as [ITV Studios](https://bliptext.com/articles/itv-studios) and [ITVX](https://bliptext.com/articles/itvx).\n\n# Investment funds\n\n# Notable investments","revisionCount":0},"hasMore":false,"nextCursor":null}