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Critical point (set theory)
In set theory, the critical point of an elementary embedding of a transitive class into another transitive class is the smallest ordinal which is not mapped to itself. Suppose that j: N \to M is an elementary embedding where N and M are transitive classes and j is definable in N by a formula of set theory with parameters from N. Then j must take ordinals to ordinals and j must be strictly increasing. Also. If for all and, then \kappa is said to be the critical point of j. If N is V, then \kappa (the critical point of j) is always a measurable cardinal, i.e. an uncountable cardinal number κ such that there exists a \kappa-complete, non-principal ultrafilter over \kappa. Specifically, one may take the filter to be. Generally, there will be many other <κ-complete, non-principal ultrafilters over \kappa. However, j might be different from the ultrapower(s) arising from such filter(s). If N and M are the same and j is the identity function on N, then j is called "trivial". If the transitive class N is an inner model of ZFC and j has no critical point, i.e. every ordinal maps to itself, then j is trivial.
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