The Crenuchidae, South American darters, are a family of freshwater fish of the order Characiformes. The 11 genera include about 115 species, though several species are undescribed. These fish are relatively small (usually under 10 cm in standard length) and originate from eastern Panama and South America. Both subfamilies were previously included in the family Characidae, and were placed in a separate family by Buckup, 1998. Buckup, 1993, revised all genera, except Characidium.