Claoxylon is a flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, comprising dioecious subshrubs to small trees. It was first described as a genus in 1824. The genus is distributed in paleotropical areas: Madagascar through South and Southeast Asia, Malesia to Melanesia, Hawaii, and Australia. Half of the species are in Malesia. According to a molecular phylogenetic study by Wurdack, Hoffmann & Chase (2005), Claoxylon is sister to Erythrococca (50 species, Africa), and together they form the top of a Hennigian comb-like phylogeny. The genus Claoxylon is usually easily recognizable because the dried leaves in herbariums of most species are rough (few are smooth). • # Claoxylon abbreviatum - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores, Sulawesi • # Claoxylon affine - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores • # Claoxylon albicans - Philippines • # Claoxylon albiflorum - Bismarck Archipelago • # Claoxylon angustifolium - Queensland • # Claoxylon anomalum - Western Ghats of SW India • # Claoxylon arboreum - Philippines • # Claoxylon attenuatum - Sabah • # Claoxylon australe - Queensland, New South Wales • # Claoxylon bicarpellatum - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon biciliatum - Vanuatu • # Claoxylon brachyandrum - Philippines, Sabah, Sulawesi • # Claoxylon capillipes - Papua New Guinea, Flores • # Claoxylon carinatum - Kalimantan Timur • # Claoxylon carolinianum - Caroline Islands • # Claoxylon carrii - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon centenarium - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands) • # Claoxylon colfsii - Sumbawa • # Claoxylon collenettei - Rapa-Iti • # Claoxylon coriaceolanatum - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon crassipes - Philippines • # Claoxylon crassivenium - Philippines • # Claoxylon cuneatum - Western New Guinea • # Claoxylon decaryanum - Madagascar • # Claoxylon dolichostachyum - Réunion • # Claoxylon echinospermum - Fiji • # Claoxylon ellipticum - Philippines • # Claoxylon erythrophyllum - E Indonesia • # Claoxylon euphorbioides - Philippines • # Claoxylon extenuatum - Bougainville • # Claoxylon fallax - Fiji, Tonga • # Claoxylon flavum - Madagascar • # Claoxylon fulvescens - Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi • # Claoxylon gillisonii - Vanuatu • # Claoxylon glabrifolium - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores • # Claoxylon glandulosum - Réunion • # Claoxylon goodenoviense - D'Entrecasteaux Islands • # †Claoxylon grandifolium - Mauritius, Réunion but extinct • # Claoxylon gymnadenum - Bougainville • # Claoxylon hainanense - Hainan • # Claoxylon hillii - New Guinea, N Australia • # Claoxylon hirsutellum - Kalimantan Timur • # Claoxylon hosei - Sarawak • # Claoxylon humbertii - Madagascar • # Claoxylon indicum - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Christmas Island • # Claoxylon insigne - Sarawak • # Claoxylon insulanum - New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands • # Claoxylon kaievskii - Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands • # Claoxylon khasianum - West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam • # Claoxylon kinabaluense - Sabah • # Claoxylon kingii - S Thailand, Perak • # Claoxylon kotoense - Taiwan • # Claoxylon lambiricum - Sarawak • # Claoxylon ledermannii - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon linostachys - Mauritius • # Claoxylon longifolium - Assam, SE Asia, New Guinea, Caroline Islands • # Claoxylon longipetiolatum - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar • # Claoxylon longiracemosum - Palau • # Claoxylon lutescens - New Guinea • # Claoxylon macranthum - Mauritius, Madagascar • # Claoxylon mananarense - Madagascar • # Claoxylon marianum - Mariana Islands • # Claoxylon medullosum - Madagascar • # Claoxylon microcarpum - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon monoicum - Madagascar • # Claoxylon muscisilvae - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon neoebudicum - Vanuatu, Santa Cruz Islands, Fiji • # Claoxylon nervosum - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon nigtanig - Bougainville • # Claoxylon nubicola - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon oblanceolatum - Philippines • # Claoxylon oliganthum - Thailand • # Claoxylon ooumuense - Nuku Hiva • # Claoxylon papuae - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon parviflorum - Réunion, Rodrigues Island • # Claoxylon paucinerve - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon perrieri - Madagascar • # Claoxylon physocarpum - Sumatra • # Claoxylon platyphyllum - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon porphyrostemon - Papua New Guinea • # Claoxylon praetermissum - Sabah • # Claoxylon pseudoinsulanum - Kalimantan Timur • # Claoxylon psilogyne - Vanuatu • # Claoxylon pubescens - Philippines • # Claoxylon purpureum - Philippines, Sulawesi • # Claoxylon putii - Thailand • # Claoxylon racemiflorum - Réunion • # Claoxylon raymondianum - Madagascar • # Claoxylon rostratum - Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Myanmar • # Claoxylon rubescens - Lombok, Philippines • # Claoxylon rubrivenium - Luzon • # Claoxylon salicinum - Sabah • # Claoxylon salomonense - Papua New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, Solomon Islands • # Claoxylon samoense - Samoa • # Claoxylon sanctae-crucis - Santa Cruz Islands • # Claoxylon sandwicense - Hawaii • # Claoxylon sarasinorum - Sulawesi • # Claoxylon scabratum - New Guinea • # Claoxylon setosum - Réunion • # Claoxylon spathulatum - Philippines • # Claoxylon stapfianum - Sarawak, Sabah • # Claoxylon subbullatum - Sabah • # Claoxylon subsessiliflorum - Vietnam, Yunnan • # Claoxylon subviride - Philippines • # Claoxylon taitense - Society Islands • # Claoxylon tenerifolium - Queensland • # Claoxylon tenuiflorum - Aceh • # Claoxylon tetracoccum - West New Guinea • # Claoxylon tsaratananae - Madagascar • # Claoxylon velutinum - Kalimantan Timur • # Claoxylon vitiense - Fiji • # Claoxylon wallichianum - Peninsular Malaysia • # Claoxylon warburgianum - Sulawesi • # Claoxylon winkleri - Kalimantan Selatan moved to other genera (Acalypha, Croton, Discoclaoxylon, Erythrococca, Lobanilia, Macaranga, Mallotus, Micrococca, Orfilea) • # C. africanum - Erythrococca africana • # C. angolense - Erythrococca angolense • # C. atrovirens - Erythrococca atrovirens • # C. bakerianum - Lobanilia bakeriana • # C. barteri - Erythrococca africana • # C. beddomei - Micrococca beddomei • # C. capense - Micrococca capensis • # C. chevalieri - Erythrococca chevalieri • # C. columnare - Erythrococca columnaris • # C. cordifolium - Mallotus oppositifolius • # C. deflersii - Erythrococca abyssinica • # C. dewevrei - Erythrococca dewevrei • # C. digynum - Macaranga digyna • # C. flaccidum - Erythrococca atrovirens • # C. hexandrum - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum • # C. hirsutum - Micrococca wightii var. hirsuta • # C. hirtellum - Lobanilia hirtella • # C. hispidum - Erythrococca hispida • # C. holstii - Micrococca holstii • # C. humblotianum - Micrococca humblotiana • # C. inaequilaterum - Erythrococca atrovirens • # C. kirkii - Erythrococca kirkii • # C. lancifolium - Micrococca lancifolia • # C. lasiococcum - Erythrococca trichogyne • # C. leucocarpum - Mallotus leucocarpus • # C. longifolium Baill. 1858, illegitimate homonym, not (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk. 1844 - Micrococca oligandra • # C. luteobrunneum - Lobanilia luteobrunnea • # C. macrophyllum Prain 1911, illegitimate homonym, not Hassk. 1848 - Erythrococca macrophylla • # C. mannii - Erythrococca mannii • # C. membranaceum - Erythrococca membranacea • # C. menyharthii - Erythrococca menyharthii • # C. mercurialis - Micrococca mercurialis • # C. mildbraedii - Erythrococca trichogyne • # C. molleri - Erythrococca molleri • # C. muricatum - Mallotus resinosus • # C. neraudianum - Orfilea neraudiana • # C. occidentale - Discoclaoxylon occidentale • # C. oleraceum - Erythrococca atrovirens • # C. oligandrum - Micrococca oligandra • # C. ovale - Lobanilia ovalis • # C. patulum - Erythrococca patula • # C. pauciflorum Müll.Arg. 1864 not Stapf 1894 - Erythrococca pauciflora • # C. pedicellare Müll.Arg. 1864 not Pax & K.Hoffm. 1914 - Discoclaoxylon pedicellare • # C. poggei - Erythrococca poggei • # C. polyandrum - Erythrococca polyandra • # C. preussii - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum • # C. purpurascens - Erythrococca molleri • # C. reticulatum - Acalypha filiformis • # C. rivulare - Erythrococca rivularis • # C. schweinfurthii - Erythrococca atrovirens • # C. sphaerocarpum - Croton sylvaticus • # C. spiciflorum - Acalypha spiciflora • # C. stipulosum - Mallotus dispar • # C. trichogyne - Erythrococca trichogyne • # C. triste - Erythrococca tristis • # C. virens - Erythrococca menyharthii • # C. volkensii - Micrococca volkensii • # C. welwitschianum - Erythrococca welwitschiana • # C. wightii - Micrococca wightii