Catolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Rhizocarpaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Catolechia wahlenbergii. The genus was circumscribed by German botanist Julius von Flotow in 1850. He did not assign a type species for the genus; Catolechia pulchella A.Massal. (1852) was designated as the type by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855. This species is synonymous with Catolechia wahlenbergii. Several species that were originally described as a member of Catolechia have since been transferred to other genera. Examples include: