The Catoca [diamond mine](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-[diamond](https://bliptext.com/articles/diamond)-[mine](https://bliptext.com/articles/mining)s) is the fourth largest [diamond mine](https://bliptext.com/articles/list-of-[diamond](https://bliptext.com/articles/diamond)-[mine](https://bliptext.com/articles/mining)s) in the world, and is located in Angola. The mine is located on a kimberlite pipe. The mine is owned by a joint venture between the Angolan state-owned company Endiama, and the Russian company Alrosa.

Ownership

At one time, the mine was owned by a consortium of international mining interests, including Endiama (the state mining company of Angola) (32.8% ownership), Alrosa of Russia (32.8%), Odebrecht of Brazil (16.4%), and the Diamond Finance CY BV Group (16.8%). In 2011, Lev Avnerovich Leviev sold LL International Holding, which held an 18% stake in Catoca to the Chinese company Sonangol International. In 2017, Odebrecht sold off its 16.4% stake in Catoca. In 2018, Alrosa expanded its stake to 41% ownership, with the remainder held by Endiama (41%) and the Chinese company LL International Holding (18%). In June 2022, Angola seized a stake in the nation’s biggest diamond miner, giving it majority control of Catoca. The 18% stake previously held by LL International holding was nationalized.

Production

The mine had production of 1800000 carat in 2000 and 2600000 carat in 2001. The mine's production is 35% gem quality, compared to a global average of 20%; the diamonds produced at Catoca have an average value of US$75–$100 per carat ($375–500/g). Estimated reserves are 60 million carats (12 tonnes). The diamonds from Catoca Mining Society topped the sales of 2009, with a net profit of US$70 million, resulting from a gross production of US$122.6 million, Angop. The information is contained in an annual report from the company released in September 2011. According to the source, the sales reached 7,050,521 carat, at the average rate of US$62.23, a volume that represented about 78 percent of the amount sold by the diamond companies around the country. The note states that as a result of the processing of the ore, the company obtained a total of 7.5 million carats that permitted it to establish the operational cost. In 2012 the mine extracted 6500000 carat out of 10 million tonnes of ore production.

2021 tailings leak

In July 2021, waste material from the mine leaked into the nearby Tshikapa river. The Democratic Republic of the Congo stated the contaminated water killed 12 people, and sickened more than 4,000. After the DRC announced it would pursue monetary damages, the state-controlled miner MIBA signed a diamond mining partnership agreement with Alrosa, but did not mention the recent leak. The spill turned the river red and killed large numbers of fish, but Catoca claimed the spill did not contain heavy metals. Independent testing found the presence of nickel and uranium contamination. Satellite imaging collected by the European Space Agency's Sentinel-2 was able to infer the extent of the impact on water quality by observing the change in the river's color. The government of the DRC initially said it would pursue unspecified monetary damages for the incident, but as of October 2022, no talks had taken place.

Geology

The Catoca diamond deposit occurs in a kimberlite pipe.