Expenditures by federal and provincial organizations on scientific research and development accounted for about 10% of all such spending in Canada in 2006. These organizations are active in natural and social science research, engineering research, industrial research and medical research. Below is a list of Canadian Federal and Provincial Government scientific research organizations as of January 2008. In some cases the agency mentioned is dedicated exclusively to scientific research, a good example being the National Research Council Canada. In other cases the organization conducts scientific research within the framework of a much larger mandate, such as the transportation research undertaken by the Transportation Development Centre in Montreal which occurs as part on the general transportation regulatory function of Transport Canada. While most of the organizations mentioned here are "brick and mortar", some, such as the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, are "virtual" and consist of dedicated groups of researchers who are geographically dispersed but remain in close contact through electronic means. Total funding for the organizations listed below amounted to about C$2.5 billion in 2006, or about 10% of all scientific research and development spending in Canada.

Federal organizations

Devoted exclusively to scientific research

Conducting scientific research in support of a larger mandate

Provincial organizations

Alberta British Columbia Manitoba Newfoundland and Labrador New Brunswick Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Northwest Territories Nunavut

Expenditures on scientific research and development by sector

Canadian gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) by performing sectors - 2006 estimates in C$ millions