Bugaj is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miłosław, within Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km south-east of Miłosław, 16 km south of Września, and 46 km south-east of the regional capital Poznań. The name Bugaj comes from the Polish name Boży Gaj ("God's Grove"), and refers to a former place of shelter during foreign invasions and a former Slavic pagan temple. A Polish insurgent unit was stationed in the village during the Greater Poland uprising (1848) against Prussia, and a battle was fought there. During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), on 20 November 1939, the Germans carried out an execution of three Poles, inhabitants of Izbica Kujawska and Koło, in the village (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).