The Bafing River (Manding for "black river", French: Rivière Bafing) is the upper course and largest tributary of the Senegal River which runs through Guinea and Mali and is about 350 miles long.

Course

The Fonta Djallon in Guinea is the source of the Bafing River, 30 miles north of Mamou. It flows for about 350 miles and converges with the Bakoy River to join the Senegal River in western Africa. The Bafing River is the largest tributary of the Senegal River, and contributes almost half of its total water volume. The Bafing forms part of the international border between Guinea and Mali.

Irrigation

Flooding from the Bafing River along the Senegal River had been traditionally relied on as a means of supporting local agriculture. However, a drought in the 1970s necessitated the construction of dams on both the Bafing River and the Senegal River. The Manantali hydroelectric dam, completed in 1987, is located on the Bafing River 90 km upstream of Bafoulabé. It forms the largest artificial lake in Mali, Lake Manantali. The dam retains 11.3 km3 of water which is used to power the turbines during the dry season. As a result, the intensity of the maximum flood downstream of the dam has been reduced but during the dry season, a flow of between 150 m3/s and 200 m3/s is maintained.

Ecology

There may be a significant chimpanzee population in the area east of the Bafing River. The blue-headed bee-eater (merops muelleri) has also been sighted at the forest on the river south of the Manding Mountains.