Asiana Airlines Flight 733 was a domestic Asiana Airlines passenger flight from Seoul-Gimpo International Airport to Mokpo Airport, South Korea. The Boeing 737 crashed on 26 July 1993, in the Hwawon area of Haenam County, South Jeolla Province. The cause of the accident was determined to be pilot error leading to controlled flight into terrain. 68 of the 116 passengers and crew on board were killed. The crash resulted in the first hull loss of a 737-500.

Background

Aircraft

The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-5L9, MSN 24805, registered as HL7229, was manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in 1990. It had logged approximately 7301 airframe hours and about 5707 takeoff and landing cycles. It was also equipped with two CFM International CFM56-3B1 engines.

Passengers and crew

There were three Japanese nationals and two American nationals among the passengers, many of whom were vacationers heading for a popular summer resort off the Yellow Sea, according to the airline. The captain was Hwang In-ki (Korean: 황인기, Hanja: 黃仁淇, RR: Hwang In-gi. M-R: Hwang In'gi), and the first officer was Park Tae-hwan (Korean: 박태환, Hanja: 朴台煥, RR: Bak Tae-hwan. M-R: Pak T'ae-hwan). There were four flight attendants on board.

Accident

On 26 July 1993, flight 733 departed Gimpo International Airport in Seoul, bound for Mokpo Airport, for a scheduled arrival at 15:15. At that time, the weather conditions in Mokpo and Yeongam County area consisted of heavy rain and wind. However, the weather conditions were not enough to delay the arrival time. The flight planned to land on runway 06. The aircraft made its first landing attempt at 15:24, which failed, followed by a second landing attempt at 15:28, which also failed. At 15:38, after two failed landing attempts, the aircraft made a third attempt. The twin-engine plane then disappeared from the radar at 15:41. At 15:48 the aircraft crashed into a ridge, Mt. Ungeo, at 800 ft. At 15:50, the wreckage was found near Masanri, Haenam County, South Jeolla Province, about 10 km southwest of Mokpo Airport. The news was reported by two surviving passengers who escaped from the wreckage and ran to the Hwawon-myeon branch of the village below the mountain.

Cause

After the crash, Asiana Airlines announced that the plane had been delayed by three landing attempts and that it appeared to have crashed. The runways did not have an ILS installed. Mokpo Airport was equipped with only VOR/DME, resulting in pilots performing excessive landing attempts in some cases, and was a contributing cause of the accident. A prosecutor in charge of investigating the accident concluded that the aircraft, having disappeared from the normal flight route, had made an unintentional landing with the pilots having misunderstood the situation. Both pilots were killed in the crash. Chung Jong-hwan, the director general of the Ministry of Transportation, said that captain Hwang's actions caused the crash. An inquiry found pilot error was the cause of the crash when the plane began a descent while it was still passing over a mountain peak. The flight recorders were found and they recorded that after the third attempt, the crew told the control tower that the aircraft was veering off course. According to the cockpit voice recorder (CVR), captain Hwang flew the aircraft below the minimum safe altitude (1600 ft), as he said, "okay, eight hundred [feet]," a few seconds before impact.

Aftermath

This was Asiana Airlines' first fatal (and as of 2024, deadliest) aircraft crash. After the accident, Asiana suspended the Gimpo - Mokpo route. The airline paid compensation to the families of the victims. In addition, at the time the transportation department was planning to build Muan International Airport in Muan County, Jeolla Province. When Muan International Airport was opened in 2007, Mokpo Airport was closed and converted into a military base. The accident also caused Asiana to cancel their order of Boeing 757-200s and instead order the Airbus A321. Flight 733 was the deadliest aviation accident in South Korea at that time. It was surpassed by Air China Flight 129, which crashed on April 15, 2002, with 129 fatalities. It was also the deadliest accident involving a Boeing 737-500 at that time. It was surpassed by Aeroflot Flight 821, which crashed on 14 September 2008, with 88 fatalities. As of 2024, Flight 733 remains the second deadliest accident in both of these categories. As of August 2024, Asiana Airlines still uses the flight number 733 but on the late evening Seoul-Incheon–Hanoi route utilizing two types of aircraft: Boeing 777-28EER and Airbus A350-941.