Arkangel was a British-based bi-annual animal liberation magazine, first published in the winter of 1989. The magazine, which was sold internationally, covered global aspects of underground and overground animal rights campaigning, and promoted a vegan lifestyle. The magazine ceased publication in 1999. The magazine was the idea of Ronnie Lee, the founder of the Animal Liberation Front (ALF). While in prison, he regularly received letters of support and details of unreported actions by ALF activists. Lee decided to publish these in the form of a magazine, with the first edition put together by Vivian Smith. The magazine continued to be written largely by activists associated with the British ALF.